Outpatient civil commitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Outpatient civil commitment - Essay Example This paper will focus on involuntary civil commitment. Outpatient civil commitment raises ethical and legal issues for the mental health practitioner. Ethical principles require that the decision to commit a patient requires that the clinician balance factors favoring commitment. Such factors include the patient’s welfare and safety, treatment to relieve pain, and the welfare and safety of others. Factors opposing commitment, for instance, individual liberty, patient privacy and the uncertainty of predicting future harm should also be considered by the mental health officer (Schopp, 2003). Ethical principles state that mental health officers who manage suicidal patients need to know the standards and procedures of civil commitment, whether inpatient or outpatient. In cases where commitment laws are strict and commitment is not easy to obtain, other management options must be pursued to obtain adequate treatment for a patient and to reduce the patient’s danger of experiencing more suffering (Schopp, 2003). Mental health officers are bound to be responsible for wrong decisions made. Whenever a clinician is in doubt, he or she should seek judicial review about the commutability of a potentially dangerous action towards the patient. The society defines the role of the clinicians in terms of professional responsibilities to patients. The clinician’s first duty is to do no harm to the patients. They can avoid harming patients by showing respect for their autonomy. Respect of autonomy may be manifested when the patient is allowed to make his/her own decision whether to reject or accept medical care that has been recommended by a medical officer. Acting without the patient’s approval is unethical. Clinicians are also bound by their professional obligations to help patients; doctors are required to provide patients with services that are geared towards benefiting them (Schopp, 2003). On the contrary, there are

Working in Groups Essay Example for Free

Working in Groups Essay -Have you ever worked on a group project? Was it easy peasy, or was it an unforgettable nightmare? Working together is hard, its no wonder group projects have such a bad reputation. Everyone will have to work on a group project at some point in their lives with a little whether it be school, business, an organization or even an event. Often when working in groups, members communicate poorly or sometimes not at all. In some cases people may even stab each other in the back. There are many difficult situations that may arise when working in groups. Some of the most common are participation, conflict, blame and domination. There will always be some who do not participate as much as others and will take a back seat and ride along the coat tails reaping all the same rewards as others who are working very hard. There may be some conflict because people have different opinions and points of view and may challenge what is being said or done by another member. This is ok, except when comments become personal or directed at specific people. This can often lead to resentment or animosity within the group. Things may go wrong at some point and it is easy to direct blame at someone and can be very damaging to the person blame is being put upon. Other members may direct anger and frustrations toward that member causing them to with draw from the group. Some people just have stronger personalities, I myself am usually one of the more outspoken members but in this experience I chose to take on a different roll because I do not currently have the time to be in a leadership type role. Often the more dominate people leave others feeling as if they do not have the opportunity to make their point or that their point doesnt even  matter. I personally experienced this when making a suggestion at this group projects meet up. As when working on anything, there are always going to be advantages and disadvantages. The first and most important advantage is increased productivity. Each individual can use the best skills they possess, and ensure quality to their work. There will be more resources available to you and the skill level will be broader. When a member is not able to complete something for any reason there are others who can be reliable for it. In a group there will be more ideas, different points of views and many suggestions to help make the group better. The disadvantages are that there is no individual thinking even if you feel strongly about something it must be a group decision in the end. The time an individual puts into a group is unknown and not acknowledged and credit is given as a whole even if you put in majority of the work. The competitive attitudes of people working in groups can also be a problem because some may lose focus as they are worried about who is doing more work rather than who is doing good work. I have worked in groups a few times and all had very different experiences depending on the project or task assigned. I would have to say that the best group experience for me was when working on a school project. When we first met up as a group, together we assigned who would be doing what. We also set up two deadlines in which we met up and discussed progress, problems and other issues anyone was experiencing. I would have to say that project was successful because we all collaborated decisions and responsibilities. Many people as adults already know what they are knowledgeable in and what they would be most successful in completing, so we first picked and chose then assigned what was left. When you are confident or interested in what you are working on it is much easier to complete. This group assignment was difficult in my opinion. The type of experience that gives working in groups a bad reputation and I know I am partly at fault for just accepting the situation rather than trying to make it better.  First off we did not know each other prior and had no clue what to expect of each other as far as interaction and personalities. The three of us met up once in Panera during the lunch rush and loud crowds, which I found to be quite distracting. When I arrived the other two members were already sitting. It seemed that one of the group members felt she had the most experience and pretty much took over. (I will call her the lead) She stated that we can finish this today in like 30-40 minutes My thought were WHAT!! We sat looking up our topic but not seeming to get much done. I suggested that we make an outline what we want covered about our topic and then assign who does what. I received a puzzled look from both and the lead said that due to the topic and type of assignment it just was not possible as it was too broad. The other member appeared to me to be on the quiet side, kind of a go with the flow person. I decided to do the same and stepped back knowing that what I was choosing to do would be unbeneficial to all of us. I felt I would just do what I felt was necessary on my own. The possibilities of problems can be endless within groups, ranging from general negativity to specific problems such as irregular attendance, unwillingness or inability to meet up as well as aggressive behavior or arguments. But the benefits and experience of working in a group make it worth the while and a lot can be avoided by setting up clear guidelines like rules or norms for the group from the beginning. Giving positive feedback and support from other members. And most importantly when problems do arise deal with them immediately and find a resolution to overcome the difficulties within the group so that it will build trust amongst the group and it can move forward positively. People forget that when working together it is every ones goal to make decisions to lead the group forward not just an individual. Groups are made u of individuals with varying personalities, backgrounds and ideas. For a group to work well a bond needs to be developed. Every group needs a leader and each member should feel a sense of belonging, a reason and purpose for their presence in the group. Each and every group experience will have a different lesson that can be learned whether good or bad. Work Cited Armbruster, Rachel Banding together for a cause Wiley and Sons Inc. 2012 Astin, A. (1993). What Matters in college? Four Critical Years Revisited. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Web Oct 2014 Hammar Chiriac, Eva, Gareth J. Williams, and Carl Senior. Group Work As An Incentive For Learning Students Experiences Of Group Work. _Frontiers In Psychology_ 5.(2014): 1-10. _Academic Search Complete_. Web. Oct 2014 Rafferty, Patricia D. The Evaluation Of MBA Group Work: A Case Study Of Graduate Student Experiences And Perceptions Of Positive Group Work Outcomes. _Journal Of Education For Business_ 88.1 (2013): 43-50. _Business Source Complete_. Oct 2014

Polymer Profiles: An Overview

Polymer Profiles: An Overview 4.4. POLYMER PROFILES: Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) Synonyms: Cellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl ether Functional Category: Release retardant, Coating purpose it used, film-former, suspending agent, stabilizing agent, tablet binder and viscosity increasing agent. Pharmaceutical application: Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is widely used in oral formulations. It is used in contain solution of 2-20 % w/w in tablet coating of tablets. In aqueous coating low viscosity grades of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in aqueous coating solution used while higher viscosity grades are used with organic solvents. It is also used as a suspending and thickening agent in topical formulations. CARBOPOL Synonyms: Acritamer; acrylic acid polymer; Carbopol; carboxy polymethylene, polyacrylic acid; carboxyvinyl polymer; Pemulen; Ultrez Solubility: Carbopol is soluble in water, alcohol and glycerin. Functional Category: Bio adhesive, emulsifying agent, release- modifying agent, Suspending agent, tablet binder, viscosity-increasing agent. Pharmaceutical Applications: In tablet formulations, Carbomer are used as dry or wet binders and as a rate controlling Excepient. In wet granulation processes, water or an alcohol–water blend is used as the granulating fluid. Anhydrous organic solvents have also been used, with the inclusion of a polymeric binder. The tackiness of the wet mass can be reduced with the addition of certain cationic species to the granulating fluid. POLYMETHACRYLATES Description: Polymethacrylates are synthetic cationic and anionic polymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates, methacrylic acid, and methacrylic acid esters in varying ratios. Several different types are commercially available and may be obtained as the dry powder, as an aqueous dispersion, or as an organic solution. Functional Category: Film former,tablet binder,enteric coating polymer Table 1.8. Solubility and Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology: Type Supply form Recommended solvents Solubility/ permeability Applications Eudragit RL100 Granules Acetone, Alcohols High permeability Sustained release Eudragit RS 100 Granules Acetone, Alcohols Low permeability Sustained release Eudragit RS PO Powder Acetone, Alcohols Low permeability Sustained release GLYCERYL BEHENATE Synonyms: Compritol 888 ATO; 2,3-dihydroxypropyldocosanoate; docosanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; glycerol behenate; glyceryl monobehenate; tribehenin. Functional Category: Coating agent; tablet binder; tablet and capsule lubricant. Pharmaceutical Applications: In pharmaceutical formulations, glyceryl behenate is mainly used as a tablet and capsule lubricant and as a lipidic coating Excepient. It has been investigated for use in the preparation of sustained release tablets, and as a matrix- forming agent for the controlled release of water-soluble drugs. SODIUM ALGINATE Synonyms: Algin; alginic acid, sodium salt; Kelcosol; Keltone; Protanal; sodium polymannuronate. Functional Category: Stabilizing agent; Suspending agent;tablet and capsule Disintegrant; tablet binder; viscosity-increasing agent. Pharmaceutical Applications: In tablet formulations, sodium alginate may be used as both a binder and Disintegrant; It has been used as a diluent in capsule formulations. Sodium alginate has also been used in the preparation of sustained-release oral formulations since it can delay the dissolution of a drug from tablets, capsules, and aqueous suspensions. CHITOSAN Synonyms: 2-Amino-2-deoxy-(1,4)-ÃŽ ²-D-glucopyranan,deacetylatedchitin, Chemical Name: Poly-ÃŽ ²-(1, 4)-2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Functional Category: Coating agent, film-forming agent, Mucoadhesive tablet binder and viscosity-increasing agent. Applications: It is used as a component of sustained release dosage form mucoadhesive dosage forms. XANTHAN GUM Synonyms: Corn sugar gum, Keltrol, Rhodigel, Vanzan NF, Xantural. Functional Category: Stabilizing agent; suspending agent; viscosity-increasing agent. Pharmaceutical Applications: Used in cosmetic and foods as a suspending and stabilizing agent. Although primarily used as a suspending agent, Xanthan gum has also been used to prepare sustained-release matrix tablets. GUAR GUM Synonyms: Galactosol; gaurflour; jaguar gum; meprogat; meyprodor. Chemical name: Galactomannan polysaccharide. Functional Category: Suspending agent, Tablet binder, Tablet disintegrant, Viscosity increasing agent. Applications in Pharmaceutical Technology: Used in solid dosage forms as a binder (up to 10%) and disintegrant. Used in oral and topical products as a suspending, thickening (up to 2.5%) and stabilizing agent (1%).Used in colon targeted drug delivery systems. Also, used in cosmetic and food products. POLY VINYL PYRROLIDINE (PVP) Synonyms:Kollidon;Plasdone;poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene]; polyvidone; polyvinylpyrrolidone; PVP; 1-vinyl-2- pyrrolidine polymer. Functional Category: Disintegrant; dissolution aid; suspending agent; tablet binder. Pharmaceutical Applications: Primarily used in solid-dosage form. In tableting, Povidone solutions are used as binders in wet-granulation processes. Povidone is also added to powder blends in the dry form and granulated in situ by the addition of water, alcohol, or hydro alcoholic solutions. Carrier for drugs 10-25% of solution is used and in case of tablet binder, coating agent it is used in 0.5-5%. TALC Synonyms: Altalc; hydrous magnesium calcium silicate; hydrous magnesium silicate; Luzenac; Luzenac Pharma; magnesium hydrogen metasilicate; Magsil Osmanthus; Magsil Star; powdered talc; purified French chalk; Purtalc; soapstone; steatite; Superiore. Functional Category: Anticaking agent; Glidant; tablet and capsule diluent; tablet and capsule lubricant. Pharmaceutical Applications: Talc was once widely used in oral solid dosage formulations as a lubricant and diluent, although today it is less commonly used. However, it is widely used as a dissolution retardant in the development of controlled- release product. AEROSIL (COLLOIDAL SILICON DIOXIDE) Synonyms: Colloidal silica; fumed silica; light anhydrous silicic acid; silicic anhydride; silicon dioxide fumed. Functional Category: Adsorbent; Anticaking agent; emulsion stabilizer; Glidant; suspending agent; tablet Disintegrant; thermal stabilizer; viscosity-increasing agent. Pharmaceutical Applications: Its small particle size and large specific surface area give it desirable flow characteristics that are exploited to improve the flow properties of dry powders in a number of processes such as tableting. Colloidal silicon dioxide is also used as a tablet Disintegrant and as an adsorbent dispersing agent for liquids in powders. used to stabilize emulsions and as a thixotropic thickening and suspending agent in gels and semisolid preparations MAGNESIUM STEARATE Synonyms: Metallic stearate, Magnesium salt. Functional Category: Tablet and capsule lubricant, Glidant, Anti-Adherent. Pharmaceutical Applications: Tablet and capsule lubricant, Glidant, Anti-Adherent. MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (MCC) Synonyms: Avicel PH; Celex; cellulose gel; Celphere; Ceolus KG; crystalline cellulose; E460; Emcocel; Ethispheres; Fibrocel; Pharmacel; Tabulose; Vivapur. Functional Category: Adsorbent; suspending agent; tablet and capsule diluent; tablet disintegrant. Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology: Microcrystalline cellulose is widely used in pharmaceuticals, primarily as a binder/diluent in oral tablet and capsule formulations where it is used in both wet-granulation and direct compression processes. In addition to its use as a binder/diluent, microcrystalline cellulose also has some lubricant and disintegrant properties that make it useful in tableting.

Frankenstein Versus Prometheus Essay -- Compare Contrast Essays

Frankenstein Versus Prometheus What do a god and a crazy doctor have in common? Nothing right! Wrong! In the stories Prometheus and Frankenstein the protagonists are very alike in many ways. They both tried to play god, steal, and they both get punished for what they did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the stories Prometheus and Frankenstein the protagonists both tried to play God in their own way. They did this by trying to create their own being or race to worship them. In the story Prometheus, the protagonist Prometheus takes all the human beings under his wing and teaches them the beginning of civilization and changes their lives completely. "He grudged men all the gifts that Prometheus had given them and he was angry with Prometheus for granting to these wretched creatures of an hour the ability to shape their lives into something better and to rise their thoughts up to heaven itself." Pg.5. In the story Frankenstein, the protagonist creates a creature to worship and control. Dr. Frankenstein is trying to be a god which is why he is trying to create this new race. "I became myself capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter. What had been the study and desire of the wisest men since the creation of the world was now within my grasp." Pg.167. To h old their roles of playing Gods both characters in each story had to steal to get the creation they wanted, which is what they both did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prometheus and Frankenstein both stole different things to achieve their own creations but their ...

Food Additives Essay

Food additives are chemicals added to food to maintain flavour or improve its taste and appearance. Some additives have been used for centuries, for example, maintaining food by pickling (with vinegar), salting, as with bacon, preserving sweets or using sulphur dioxide as in some wines. With the arrival of processed foods in the second half of the 20th century, many more additives have been imported, of both natural and artificial agents. There are many types of additives used in processed foods and consumers are sometimes concerned about their safety and the need for using them. Why use food additives? Additives are used so that these foods still have a consistent high quality. In some products, they are so important that additives are used even in various organic foods. Other reasons that food additives are used include: * Maintains or improves the nutritional value of food * Improves the palpability of a food or makes it more appealing * Improves storage life of a food * Provides aids to manufacturing, producing, packing, packaging, processing, preparing treating, transporting, holding or storing food * Serves as a preservative only when necessary because there is no alternative practical means of preservation of the food. Potential risks of food additives Although these additives are important for food storage, they can give rise to certain health issues. They can cause different allergies and conditions such as hyperactivity and Attention Deficit Disorder in some people who are sensitive to specific substances. The foods containing additives can cause asthma, hay fever and certain reactions such as rashes, vomiting, headache, tight chest, hives and worsening of eczema. Explain why food supplies benefit from food additives Our food supplies benefit from food additives because they make food last longer and it is more convenient for consumers. Canned foods for example make food last for years without getting spoilt but if you get a can and its dented you shouldn’t eat the contents because they could be poisoned from the metal of the can.

Literacy Autobiography Essay

I did not come from a household in which reading and writing was promoted, although both my parents were literate. My motivation to start a new family legacy comes from looking at how my literacy skills were formed. Growing up I cannot remember when I began to write. I do remember my fourth grade teacher â€Å"Ms. Pickering. I did my school work, because I had to. I do not remember a pivotal moment about writing. My parents mind set was it’s the schools job to teach you how to read and write. In hind sight I should have initiated more reading on my own, or been more interested, but I wasn’t, I was worried about baseball, soccer and then football. As I grew, my attitude towards writing did, I was not good at it so I was insecure when I had to write. I thought it was a waste of time. I am not an English professor (obviously) but my writing began to improve when I was taught how to make documents at work- schedules, order lists, inventory sheets. Then when emails became a bigger part of communication I would look at how my boss would format their writings and how the big bosses would write their letters†¦ Did I learn proper writing, probably not, but it was better than what I was doing before. Looking back I guess it is corporate/email writing etiquette. I am a slow reader, but I tell people I like to savor books! I never learned how to read fast, I envy people who can read a paragraph or page once, sometimes I will need to read a two sentence or paragraph two to three times to really understand it. Reading has always been a chore to me. As I have gotten older I have started to actually enjoy reading more. I will read news on the internet. I guess I never had that fairytale teacher or parent that lit the reading fire. Reading and writing is definitely not the constant in my life, it does not fill my soul, I really wish I could say the opposite.

Using Calculus To Calculate Income Elasticity of Demand

Using Calculus To Calculate Income Elasticity of Demand Suppose youre given the following question: Demand is Q -110P 0.32I, where P is the price of the good and I is the consumers income. What is the income elasticity of demand when income is 20,000 and price is $5? We saw that we can calculate any elasticity by the formula: Elasticity of Z with respect to Y (dZ / dY)*(Y/Z) Price elasticity of income: (dQ / dI)*(I/Q) demand equation dQ/dI 0.32 Income elasticity of demand: (dQ / dI)*(I/Q)Income elasticity of demand: (0.32)*(I/(-110P 0.32I))Income elasticity of demand: 0.32I/(-110P 0.32I) Income elasticity of demand: 0.32I/(-110P 0.32I)Income elasticity of demand: 6400/(-550 6400)Income elasticity of demand: 6400/5850Income elasticity of demand: 1.094 Demand is Income Elastic Next: Using Calculus To Calculate Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Other Price Elasticity Equations Using Calculus To Calculate Price Elasticity of Demand Using Calculus To Calculate Income Elasticity of Demand Using Calculus To Calculate Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand Using Calculus To Calculate Price Elasticity of Supply

Free Essays on The Nile

God Dies By The Nile â€Å"God Dies By The Niles† By: Nawal El Saadawi After reading â€Å"God Dies By The Nile† by Nawal El Saadawi one can begin to realize how much different life in the Middle East is in comparison to areas such as China and India which we have studied. The term Middle East refers to South Western Asia and North Eastern Africa The Middle east has many very interesting features and aspects about it such as the way there economy is organized, the type of religion that they practice, the various geographical aspects of the land, and the way that society is in general. The economy of the Middle East is somewhat similar to the economy of India. The Middle East mainly imports everything and anything this is part of the reason why they are so poor because everything is so expensive. The main reason for a lot of the importing of products such as a pencil is because they’re a no factories. The Middle East is a very highly taxed, which makes the economy also very week and p oor. Because the economy is so poor a lot of the people in the Middle East live in mud homes along rivers, and have very little food and clothing. Since the land is not that great in the Middle east very little agriculture can be grown so therefore people cant make much money from farming and can just get enough food to feed there family. Some of there agriculture includes: Cotton, corn, rice, wheat, beans, fruits, and vegetables. They also raise cattle, water buffalo, sheep, and goats. There main industry includes: textiles, tourism, food processing, petroleum, cement and construction. Like most underdeveloped and poor countries there is people who have a lot of money and don’t live in poverty these people live in nicer homes and have a lot more than the average peasant. People who have a higher economic status usually are working for the government. Because of the fact that everyone is so poor there is a lot of crime and most of it is mainly people... Free Essays on The Nile Free Essays on The Nile God Dies By The Nile â€Å"God Dies By The Niles† By: Nawal El Saadawi After reading â€Å"God Dies By The Nile† by Nawal El Saadawi one can begin to realize how much different life in the Middle East is in comparison to areas such as China and India which we have studied. The term Middle East refers to South Western Asia and North Eastern Africa The Middle east has many very interesting features and aspects about it such as the way there economy is organized, the type of religion that they practice, the various geographical aspects of the land, and the way that society is in general. The economy of the Middle East is somewhat similar to the economy of India. The Middle East mainly imports everything and anything this is part of the reason why they are so poor because everything is so expensive. The main reason for a lot of the importing of products such as a pencil is because they’re a no factories. The Middle East is a very highly taxed, which makes the economy also very week and p oor. Because the economy is so poor a lot of the people in the Middle East live in mud homes along rivers, and have very little food and clothing. Since the land is not that great in the Middle east very little agriculture can be grown so therefore people cant make much money from farming and can just get enough food to feed there family. Some of there agriculture includes: Cotton, corn, rice, wheat, beans, fruits, and vegetables. They also raise cattle, water buffalo, sheep, and goats. There main industry includes: textiles, tourism, food processing, petroleum, cement and construction. Like most underdeveloped and poor countries there is people who have a lot of money and don’t live in poverty these people live in nicer homes and have a lot more than the average peasant. People who have a higher economic status usually are working for the government. Because of the fact that everyone is so poor there is a lot of crime and most of it is mainly people...

Determining Ticket Prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Determining Ticket Prices - Essay Example prediction made before the game between the Seattle Seahawks and the Denver Broncos in Northeast of super bowl influenced the macroeconomic condition in New York. This paper attempts to analysis, economic implications of favourable weather condition during this match. According to Seat Greek, search engine, an average resale price of a ticket increased because of the prediction made that there was to be a favourable weather condition on Sunday, the D-day. Before the match kick-off, the value of one ticket increased by ten times over the original cost. The price increased because of increasing demand for tickets thereby validating the law of supply. However, the increase in the price of tickets had a trickle down effect in the economy. Consumers increase their spending on tickets due to high prices. It reduced the amount of income consumer devotes for other expenditure link directly with growth of gross domestic product (GDP). These components include investments, consumption, and export. To this end, this price changes caused a slight decline in gross domestic product of New York (Song et.al, 2008, p. 88). However, the change in gross domestic was small and unnoticed since the price increase resulted to increase government spending. On the other hand, ticket prices increased the amount of government revenue through a tax on the profits. The government reacts to changes in the economy by stimulating the economy through government spending. The government increased its spending to stabilize economic activities and to maintain inflation rate. The government undertook infrastructural development and other programs to increase money supply thereby lowering prices to a normal level. In retrospect, favourable weather condition increased demand for restaurant rooms and food. Hospitality industry experienced a major boost as customers increased, thereby mounting hotels and restaurant spending. In this perspective, investment in hospitality industry increased due to

Macroeconomics Theory Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macroeconomics Theory - Speech or Presentation Example The AS curve will also shift upwards from the left margin to the right one. i. A negative inflation shock in the economy will lead to an escalation of the AS curve from the left to the right side of the graph. However, the AD curve will shift from AD1 to AD2 from the right to the left side. ii. The shifts in the AD curves from the right to the left margins of the graph will influence the new the output to reduce from the right to the left margin from Y1 to Y2 because of the reduced government spending. Therefore, the changes in G1 to G2 downwards in the vertical axis will lead to a reduction in the demand and production factors of the economy. The graph shows that the U.S economy will experience a period of in increased output in its markets because of the positive shifts in demand and supply. The positive inflation shock will lead to increased GDP and GNP following the subsequent increase in the buyers’ income levels and the marginal increase in the country’s total output. The financial crises will influence stagnation in the country’s output. It is evident that the output will be Y1 after a 3% increase in the government’s expenditure hence the prices will increase to cater for the increased level of demand in the absence of supply. b) The federal government should resolve to the use of tax cuts. The other alternative policy to restructure the country’s economy will be the implementation of price regulations that will coerce the producers to increase the output rather than the prices. c) The impact of the federal monetary policy in solving the financial crises at the short run period will lead to a shift in the production from Y1 to Y2, a factor that will influence the need for labor; hence, the employed people will affect the country’s GDP and

Different fallacies in the news Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Different fallacies in the news - Essay Example But before finding fallacies in the news, one should be aware of the different forms of fallacies being used. A common type of fallacy is a slippery slope fallacy in which the writer suspects that they need to continue the topic which they don’t like if they have once opened it. That is why, in slippery slope fallacy, the results of actions specified are overstressed in order to alarm the reader of the message. It is called slippery slope fallacy because once the writer has taken a step in a certain direction, he cannot then stop and close the topic simply. So, the writer exaggerates the arguments in order to pave way to close the topic. Marsha Blackburn, a Republican Congressman, giving interview to Fox News said â€Å"the people are not interested in starting new businesses because they are not certain that they will gain access to the capital funds that they will require for their businesses. Moreover, there is also doubt about the tax rates. So, the people are not much in clined towards businesses.† However, the premise was just a fallacy as where the taxes that worth 700 billion dollars are being utilized by the banks if they are not lending monies to businesses. He also exaggerated the uncertainty and doubts about the tax rates which are not doubtful to this level and also not much fluctuating. Another form of fallacies is hasty generalization fallacy. Sometimes, the writer is incapable of obtaining complete information about the subject of his interest. He, despite of bothering himself to obtain complete information, makes haste and write about the topic on the basis of information he contains. The scenario becomes worse when the writer also makes conclusions on the basis of insufficient and limited evidence he holds. The hasty generalization fallacy is very common in the sense that in many cases, some people in a group are observed and then it is assumed that all the members of that particular group will behave in the manner as observed. Th e third, and rather worse, type of fallacy is ad hominem fallacy. The writer when disagreeing with the argument of an individual criticizes and pinpoints the character of the writer in spite of the argument presented by him. The intention behind this fallacy is to destroy the writer’s credibility. Once the credibility is lost, how stronger the argument is, it will lose its importance and significance. The main problem with this fallacy is that it sometimes weakens the correct argument also. A classic example of ad hominem fallacy is the discussion that took place between Michael Moore and Bill O’Reilly, a television reporter. The topic of the discussion was the necessity of war against Iraq. Moore did not discuss the topic clearly. However, he pointed out that the President Bush lied to the nation. He also said that it did not suit to the president to lie. By saying this, Moore did not specify his point of view. He only attacked the honesty and integrity of the preside nt Bush. Thus, Moore indirectly opposed the war of Iraq but did not say this directly. Another type of fallacy is the fallacy of relevance which causes flaws in the interrelation of premises and information with the conclusions. This is same to some extent to ad hominem fallacy. In ad hominem fallacy, the integrity f the person is attacked falsely while in fallacy of relevance the information and conclusions are interrelated wrongly. So, both these fallacies include the interrelation of information and c

Rhetorical analysis memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rhetorical analysis memo - Assignment Example Today, the organization has over 2,500 members where they have put up programs to promote pig farming on a large scale. Ohio shelters over 4,100 pig farmers and many of these are operated by families and this organization ensures that they become successful in producing healthy pork for the nation (â€Å"What do pigs eat†). The mission of Ohio Pork Farmers organization is to help all the Ohio pork producers understand a healthy and safe environment for the pigs. The author’s purpose is to show the pig farmers the healthy process through diet that pigs under this organization undergo to produce quality and healthy pig products for the nation. The intent of the organization is to create a video that shows the benefits of modern commercial pig farming to produce the best pork products for the society. This video is most likely created for the larger Ohio community, who participate in pig farming to encourage them to join and partake in the extensive and controlled modern p ig farming process (â€Å"What do pigs eat†)? The intended audience is Ohio farmers and potential farmers to show them the steps the Ohio Pork Farmers organization is making to produce healthy pig products. By referencing to â€Å"modern† pig farming process, the video targets all private farmers to encourage them to become members, so that they benefit under the Ohio Pig Farmers organization. The video talks of pig feeds being â€Å"scientifically formulated† (â€Å"What do pigs eat†) to enlighten private farmers to join such an organization for a bigger commercial establishment. The author values modern pig farming and references this by citing that â€Å"modern pigs are fed on a diet of corn and soy beans (â€Å"What do pigs eat†). Through this revelation, it becomes apparent that the author values the process of a modern commercial farming unit where pigs are kept in controlled housing to get proper diet. In the

Decriminalizing Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Decriminalizing Drugs - Essay Example Illegal drug use continues in the US despite numerous and aggressive enforcement strategies and legislation aimed at illegal drug sales and use (Reuter 512). In addition to illegal drugs, the rate of prescription drug misuse and addiction continues to rise, with Oxycontin being the most common of these drugs (Grau et al. 169). Regardless of whether the drugs are legal or illegal, drug use and addiction has many direct and indirect effects on society including health costs, crime rates, incarceration, rates, and high costs of enforcement and legislation (Reuter 514). However, as evidenced by the steady increase in drug use, current attempts at drug control do not seem to have any significant effect and are apparently not effective, making decriminalization a more effective alternative. An Argument against Decriminalizing or Legalizing Drugs In the article, â€Å"Against the Legalization of Heroin,† de Marneffe presents his argument as to why the United States should not legaliz e or decriminalize illegal drugs (34-40). The first reason he presents against the decriminalization or legalization of illegal drugs in the US is that it would surely lead to an increase in their use (34). While this premise is based solely on speculation and assumption, and not based on facts or evidence, it is the argument most commonly used by individuals opposing drug decriminalization or legalization in the US. De Marneffe continues the speculation by making the prediction that if drugs (i.e. heroin) were made legal in the US, all adolescents would begin their regular use which would have a detrimental effect on their achievement in the future and general wellbeing (36). This argument is based on the premise that life is especially difficult for adolescents and heroin use is pleasurable, so adolescents would use it regularly to deal with life in general (37). However, like the previously discussed argument, there are no facts or evidence to prove this. In the article, de Marneffe also argues that current drug laws and policies make using illegal drugs (i.e. heroin) more difficult and more expensive, make the drugs less available, reinforce the social norms against using them, and predictably reduce rates of illegal drug use (36). Again, as with his other arguments, there are no facts or evidence supporting this premise; and, the argument is based on speculation and assumption like the othe r arguments presented in the article (36-7). History of US Drug Laws Throughout the 19th century, illicit drugs such as opium, morphine, cocaine and heroin, were legal in the United States (Echegaray 1217). In 1914, the US Congress passed the first antinarcotics act, the Harrison Act, which was a law controlling the sale and distribution of certain drugs; however, the Harrison Act did not prohibit drugs entirely (1222). The Narcotic Drugs Importation and Export Act dealt with importing and exporting drugs and it was passed in 1922 (1223). By the 1950s, a number of laws were passed that prohibited or restricted using, selling or distributing drugs (i.e. cocaine, heroin) (1225). For example, the Boggs Amendment to the Harrison Act was passed in 1951, establishing a mandatory two-year sentence for convictions of first-time drug offenders; and, the Narcotics Control Act increased penalties for drug

Tourism in Costa Rica Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism in Costa Rica - Research Paper Example In addition to this, Costa Rica has one of the most extensive and well-developed national park systems in all of Latin America. An aerial tram which takes visitors by cable car over the top of the rain forest is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Costa Rica (Liu et al., 2008, p. 259). Prior to the 1980s when Costa Rica’s popularity increased, the country’s hotel industry was small. As demand grew, many Costa Ricans entered the hotel business. The majority of new hotels were owned and operated by inexperienced individuals who learned the business by trial and error. A small number of hotels were run by international chains operating in Costa Rica using both staff and management from their global operations. Soon after, a number of local hotel operators began working with a number of foreign hotel operators as joint-venture partners. Marriott Hotels was one of these companies. This system worked so well in Costa Rica that a number of other countries in the region, including Guatemala, El Salvador and Panama, began to use the same formula. These joint-venture partnerships were characterized by a majority of local shareholders, a minority stake by the international chain and a strong training and development component (Liu et al., 2008, p. 260). Increased environmental awareness and the growing interest in ecotourism can cause conflicting priorities for exotic locations such as Costa Rica. While the country must promote itself as a tourist attraction, it must also protect the country’s natural resources. The demands of sustainability and economic growth can be in conflict (Liu et al., 2008, p. 259). In order to remain a tourist attraction and extend the life cycle of its attractiveness, a country must know a great deal about its international visitors as they are the ones who are primarily responsible for the destination’s tourists (Liu et al., 2008, p. 260).

Rhetorical analysis memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rhetorical analysis memo - Assignment Example Today, the organization has over 2,500 members where they have put up programs to promote pig farming on a large scale. Ohio shelters over 4,100 pig farmers and many of these are operated by families and this organization ensures that they become successful in producing healthy pork for the nation (â€Å"What do pigs eat†). The mission of Ohio Pork Farmers organization is to help all the Ohio pork producers understand a healthy and safe environment for the pigs. The author’s purpose is to show the pig farmers the healthy process through diet that pigs under this organization undergo to produce quality and healthy pig products for the nation. The intent of the organization is to create a video that shows the benefits of modern commercial pig farming to produce the best pork products for the society. This video is most likely created for the larger Ohio community, who participate in pig farming to encourage them to join and partake in the extensive and controlled modern p ig farming process (â€Å"What do pigs eat†)? The intended audience is Ohio farmers and potential farmers to show them the steps the Ohio Pork Farmers organization is making to produce healthy pig products. By referencing to â€Å"modern† pig farming process, the video targets all private farmers to encourage them to become members, so that they benefit under the Ohio Pig Farmers organization. The video talks of pig feeds being â€Å"scientifically formulated† (â€Å"What do pigs eat†) to enlighten private farmers to join such an organization for a bigger commercial establishment. The author values modern pig farming and references this by citing that â€Å"modern pigs are fed on a diet of corn and soy beans (â€Å"What do pigs eat†). Through this revelation, it becomes apparent that the author values the process of a modern commercial farming unit where pigs are kept in controlled housing to get proper diet. In the

Tourism in Costa Rica Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism in Costa Rica - Research Paper Example In addition to this, Costa Rica has one of the most extensive and well-developed national park systems in all of Latin America. An aerial tram which takes visitors by cable car over the top of the rain forest is one of the most visited tourist attractions in Costa Rica (Liu et al., 2008, p. 259). Prior to the 1980s when Costa Rica’s popularity increased, the country’s hotel industry was small. As demand grew, many Costa Ricans entered the hotel business. The majority of new hotels were owned and operated by inexperienced individuals who learned the business by trial and error. A small number of hotels were run by international chains operating in Costa Rica using both staff and management from their global operations. Soon after, a number of local hotel operators began working with a number of foreign hotel operators as joint-venture partners. Marriott Hotels was one of these companies. This system worked so well in Costa Rica that a number of other countries in the region, including Guatemala, El Salvador and Panama, began to use the same formula. These joint-venture partnerships were characterized by a majority of local shareholders, a minority stake by the international chain and a strong training and development component (Liu et al., 2008, p. 260). Increased environmental awareness and the growing interest in ecotourism can cause conflicting priorities for exotic locations such as Costa Rica. While the country must promote itself as a tourist attraction, it must also protect the country’s natural resources. The demands of sustainability and economic growth can be in conflict (Liu et al., 2008, p. 259). In order to remain a tourist attraction and extend the life cycle of its attractiveness, a country must know a great deal about its international visitors as they are the ones who are primarily responsible for the destination’s tourists (Liu et al., 2008, p. 260).

Bill Recommendation Essay Example for Free

Bill Recommendation Essay Is it a good idea for those individuals convicted of armed robbery to receive double the sentence that it is now? In my opinion the answer is no. Policy making in the field of criminal justice is extremely vital to society. Punishments can be very confusing in the fact of what is appropriate. What is too much and what is too little? There have been many studies that show that there is little or no deterrent of crime such as armed robbery when the punishment is a long sentence to prison. The reason for this lack of deterrent is because the person who is committing the crime or crimes knows what is at stake, yet he or she chooses to commit the robbery anyway. This is because the gains of that robbery outweigh the prison sentence. The main purpose of this bill is to stop or at least lessen the amount of armed robbery that is being committed by putting those who commit the crime behind bars for a longer period of time. This seems like a good idea at first glance. However there is more to this proposition. Lengthening the prison sentence is being used as a deterrent or to simply take the bad guys off the street for longer. This has not worked in the past and will not work now. Facing a long sentence has not deterred robbery from happening. If prison sentencing was enough robbery would not be around in society especially not as frequent as it is today. According to a study done by the FBI in 2006 447,403 robberies were reported to the police, which equals out to a rate of one robbery per minute in the United States (McGoey, 2014). The punishment for robbery can be up to 25 years in the United States. Doubling that and making the sentence 50 years will hardly make any change in the robbery rate. If anything it would just cause the jails and prisons to  become overpopulated quicker, costing taxpayers more money. Bill Recommendation There are more effective ways to address a crime than make the punishments more intense or longer. The classic school of criminology is what I base my recommendation on. In the late 1700’s, which are the time that the classical school came about, the punishment for crimes was extremely cruel and would be seen today as barbaric. Cesare de Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham played a tremendous role in the theory of criminology and criminal justice today would not be where it is without them. Their main focus was to lessen the harsh punishments implemented by the judicial system at the time (Schmalleger, 2012). Cesare de Baccaria believed that preventing crimes would benefit a society more than punishing someone who committed a crime. This belief was the driving force of the classic school of criminology. He believed the punishment should fit the crime for instance theft should be punished through the use of fines and crimes that cause personal injury to be punished by corporal punishment. This would, in turn he believed, prevent these crimes from happening. Jeremy Bentham viewed crime a little differently than Beccaria. Bentham was viewed as a utilitarian. He believed that the punishment for any crime must be that of the greater good for the community. Basically stating that any pain being used as a punishment towards an offender must be justified to benefit the good of the society. Modern criminal justice still holds its foundation in that of the classic school of criminology. Having said that, long prison sentences do act as a major deterrent for many criminals, but poses a major conflict of ideas to that of the classic school of thought due to the fact that crimes are committed based on free will and rational thinking. There are Bill Recommendation many factors such as emotional instability in s sudden moment, and mental and physical disorders that a longer prison sentence simply would not abolish. There is also the very likely chance that drugs and or alcohol is involved.  If the offender is being driven by an addiction nothing, surely not a longer prison sentence is going to persuade his or her decision (Schmalleger, 2012) With all of that being said, the answer to decreasing crime, more specifically armed robbery, a longer prison sentence is not the answer. The question at hand is: what is the answer? This is a question that is going to be debated as long as crime is resent in the population. Juvenile criminals usually mature into adult criminals, so perhaps putting more criminal emphasis on juvenile crime must be done. In addition to everything, it is well known that drugs are the foundation of many crimes. Drugs are responsible for many thefts and robberies, and more time behind bars is not going to make a drug addict think twice before robbing someone. More emphasis needs to be put on the war on drugs and alcohol addiction. Put the taxpayers money to good use by stopping the spread of drugs, not on paying for more people inside if jails. Lets stop the robberies from happening. References McGoey, C.E. (2014). Robbery Facts: Violent Crime Against Persons. Retrieved from http://www.crimedoctor Schmalleger, F. (2012). Criminology Today: An Integrative Introduction (6th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Othello by William Shakespeare | Summary and Analysis

Othello by William Shakespeare | Summary and Analysis Othello, is a very known playwright written by the famous writer William Shakespeare. If you are a person who have read many of his works you would know that his writings are based on love, triumph and tragedy also. Just by reading Othello I can tell that the story is about jealously and betrayal of lovers, and someone ends up dead because of the drama involved with it. Unluckily I will not tell of the summary of the playwright, nor tell about or give an simple analysis of the characters involved in the story. I will give you an examination of the racial connections in the playwright Othello, and relate it to the racial prejudices of Jacobean England. I will be honest, when I first read Othello, I did not quite understood how race was placed into the playwright, and why it had anything to do with Othello, because the theme of the story was basically about betrayal and jealously between two lovers who were separated over jealously. When I did research about Othello and racism, and rea d Othello continuously, I slowly began to realize that race did have some kind of involvement into it. Racism seemed to be a big issued in the days of Shakespeare and others. Some writers wrote their stories based on the society they was in and made it quite recognizable in their story, England and other nations had problems with race just as we did in America Othello is a story that made that obvious, Shakespeare puts in different racial stereotypes into the dialogues, giving them to characters like Iago, Roderigo and Branbantio. In the 17th century, People of England attitudes toward non-Europeans like North Africans and others were said to be shaped by policies and stories by travelers. The term moor came from a country that was used to refer to people from North Africa. People of North and West Africa who was living in the Elizabethan England was put out because of their unusual style of dress, behaviors and culture customs. Moors were also talked about and was put in the category of being sexually overactive and being a more jealous people. Queen Elizabeth gave the moors full recognition out of quick niceness for their help in defeating Spain, but unluckily that was quickly turned over fast and she deported the North Africans or Moors because of bad and unusual behavior and the fear of if she let them stay in England than there would end up being an overpopulation of black people and she seemed to definitely not want that. Back in that time period in England blacks were not associated with the slavery tim e period that we all know of, because the slave time period started late in the 17th century. One part in Othello that opened up my eyes and made me realize that race it was an issue, was when they spoke of different cultures like the Turkish culture and the Vietnamese culture. In Othello it stated that the people in Othello had celebrated the destruction of the Turkish force, I realized that there were some kind of cultural division in the playwright Othello. As I went on with my research and read some of the sources that helped me completely understand the issue, I understood that racism was one of the issues in Othello. One of my sources that I read named Shakespeare and Race discussed that some of the racial issues in Othello also probably had something to do with Shakespeare and the society that he was in, not just the racism acted on the Vietnam society in the play Othello. I also learned that the character Othello who was Desdemonas love was an African or an Moor in the story. A moor is once again defined as an member of a nomadic people, who civilization flourished in North Africa between the 8th and the 15th centuries. Othello seemed to be culturally divided and assorted. In order to answer the question and understand why racism was a big topic in Othello and why Shakespeare incorporated it into Othello, I had to dig deep and go back to the history and the real world outside of the playwright Othello. It also appeared to that the story was written during the time of great racial tensions in England. As I went on I discovered that Shakespeare disguised the white and the black people in Othello. He made the white people seem evil and the black people seem as the good ones. It seemed like Shakespeare was trying to make a point, a point of no matter what color a person is, we are all humans. Mainly because this was true, back then, whites seemed to be over people of color, while people of color was so called inferior under white people. Queen Elizabeth also made contributions to racism in England ,this might have stemmed off to racism in Othello. In the book English Ethnicity and Race in Early Modern Drama it stated that When Queen Elizabeth ruled England she exiled ten Africans from her country, then afterwards Queen Elizabeth traded the Africans for the imprisoned English men held in Spain and Portugal.(pg5 English Ethnicity and Race.) . This was similar to what I stated earlier. After the end of Elizabeths ruling Elizabethan England became Jacobean England and was under the rule of King James. Not like his other works, Shakespeare did not reserve the playwright or story of Othello to an earlier time period. Historians also stated that by the time William Shakespeare wrote Othello, England had already been exposed to Africans or blacks. Terri Vaughn an History Professor of Columbia University stated that by the year 1555, there were books in England describing the Africans or as they say the Moors of Africa.(Vaugh n). I also learned from my research that in the sixteenth century the meaning of the color black was defined as deeply stained with dirt or being dirty. Writers such as William Shakespeare and others referred to any dark person from North African as a Moor or a black moor. I also learned that white people or light skinned blacks that was from Africa wasnt considered an moor because they couldnt tell if they was from Africa or not. When I started to read and understand Othello more I realized that Othello was about a relationship between a black man and a white woman. Usually back in the slavery days if a black man was in a relationship with a white woman he would face some kind of punishment for that. It would have been like an offense or an rule that was broken by the black man. Maybe no connections or association with other nations or countries made it to be that way. England people who went outside of their race were viewed as barbarians. those who fell outside the borders of the know n, white world were viewed as â€Å"barbarians, which means a member of a culture thats uncivilized and its sometimes considered offensive. Michael Neil states in an article that was written by him called Race in Literature†. The term moor probably have existed as a description in terms of color, but not necessarily in terms of its position to the white civilized world .Othello is a play with a lot of racial feeling in it.† writes scholar Michael Neill(1985). In the article called Shakespeare and Race, written by John Stows. it greatly emphasizes that to the Elizabethans the appearance and conduct of the moors was a complete outrage, saying that here was a big difference between themselves and the moors. The article also explained that when William Shakespeare chosed an African or an moor as an hero or general, he wasnt really confused or had lack of knowledge bout racial thought or racism, but was more aware of his society who made the divisions of black and white world a big issue. The character named Iago in the story made races remarks about Othello calling him a black ram. Othello is treated unequally in the story because he is black and not white, if Othello was a white man, Im pretty sure he would have been treated fairly with no names and racial slurs called out at him. Comments of racial remarks are said all through out the story. Emilia also made a racial remark toward Othello, She called him an blacker devil, when she found out that he killed Desdemona. There were other characters who were racist towards Othello like Iago, Emilia, Brabinto, and Roderigo. Iago made the racial comment about Othello, because he simply didnt like the fact that he made lieutenant and that he was married to Desdemona. Iago also made a racist comment to Desdemonas Dad about Othello and Desdemona. He states, Even now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Iago had it in for Othello he simply tried to turn every one against Othello, even Desdemonas dad. Many rac ist comments like thick lips was said about Othello. Yet they were very messy because they never said it in his face. It seemed as if Shakespeare wanted race to be known to his readers of his stories, he wanted people to see that there wasnt just whites in the world, there were other races in the world also and that people of other races was good also and people of Caucasian decent made blacks and others look like negative entities. Shakespeare wrote three other plays with non whites and moors in it, They are The Merchant of Venice, Titus Andronicus and of course Othello. Many think that you will find honest straight up racism and racist sayings and language in Othello. Many also consider that many plays like Othello can examine tools of racism and racist views, with thin an historic setting and both within an historical setting and existing context. historic and a contemporary cultural or spiritual context. Some say that Othello is also an very racist play and that it has an racist theme. I think that its not really that racist because Shakespeare shows a woman and a man of enemy races and puts the m together. The only thing racist about the play is the racist comments that the characters say to Othello. It seemed as if racist comments was said when only angered. It seems like it was just depicting the society of that time. Before we had freedom blacks was considered to be under and lower than whites. But jealousy is more likely to be the theme of Othello. Othello is an historical reading that explores race in other countries and in Literature. It portrayed one of the first love stories of an interracial couple who is destroyed and broken up over hatred and jealous by people who didnt want an accomplished black man to survive and make out in a good situation. Even though William Shakespeare might have lived in an racist place and was surrounded by racist people it showed that he personally wasnt an racist person. Maybe William Shakespeare himself did approve of an relationship of an white woman and black man. Maybe he wanted to show that he was a good person and wasnt like others that was around him at the time. Ruth Cowhig wrote in an exert called Othello and Racism. In the excerpt, Ruth Cowhig provides a simple background on blacks in England during William Shakespeares time. She simply states that the character Iagos racism is the main source of his hatred towards Othello. He gives off an prejudice energy toward other characters in the story to turn them against Othello the Moor also (Cowhig, R). Ruth Cowhig emphasize that William Shakespeare continuously examines stereotypes with his story of Othello. I think the opening of the play presents an opportunity to discuss a variety of issues and stereo typing including interracial marriage. Othello gives us a lesson and something to think about, especially in society today and things that seemed to happen in the past.

Personal Narrative- Christian Apologetics :: Personal Narrative

Personal Narrative- Christian Apologetics Two weeks of this past summer rank high as some of the most rewarding times of my life. Next to my salvation, the experience has become an important turning point of my youth. This experience changed my worldview into a biblical perspective, and strengthened my faith in the Lord. For the first time, I was on my own, flying cross-country to spend two weeks in Colorado, not for a vacation I might add. I was to attend a Christian apologetics course sponsored by Summit Ministries. The coursework was grueling, intense, and mind stretching. My living quarters were a small, rickety, 100 year old (and counting) hotel with paper thin walls shared with 99 other students. I left my sheltered home-school and was introduced to the modern, secular world of weird people, graphic videos of abortion, and the persecution of Christians in Sudan through science, history, theology, and philosophy. We were taught about the chain reactions that develop in a nation caused by unwise decisions, and looked at problems our country faces today and studied them using the Bible. Many knowledgeable Christian professionals fed us their studies and wisdom taught by the Bible. A former Mob boss gave his moving testimony, and an outgoing evangelist who witnessed to Michael Jordan, presented us with arguments and strategies to combat false religions, yet be effective witnesses. Those two weeks were intense, mentally and emotionally, and I got a taste of the real world. Now I often think about my generation, and if it is truly ready to undertake the leadership of our great nation. Many are blind and sinking in the bog of humanistic and atheistic views of today’s society, and will not be ready when the torch is passed on to them.

Essay --

1. One of the main questions addressed is; why do plants choose rhizobia with nitrogen fixing strains (as nitrogen is metabolically costly) over plants with non-fixing strains that can also lead to nodulated plant (Gubry-Rangin et al, 2010). It should be noted that strains with different fixing levels have been reported in populations of rhizobia and when picking a rhizobium a plant must take into consideration its symbiotic efficacy, as rhizobia cannot be vertically transmitted. 2. The test hypothesis was that there existed partner choice and sanction in the plant-bacteria symbiotic relationship of the Medicago truncatula-Sinorhizobium meliloti. 3. Figure number What method gave these data? What do these data show? 1a) The biomass was calculated by taking counting the number of nodules each plant produced and taking the shoot of each plant, letting in dry for 48h and then weighing it. It is shown that the black color or the strain STM 5480 is more efficient in nitrogen fixing than the white color or STM 5472 strain in the singe-inoculation assay. It is also seen that the biomass...

Management Control System

Coca Cola Goes Small in India The coca-cola company is the number one seller of soft drinks in the world. Every day an average of more than 1 Billion servings of Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, Sprite, Fanta and other products of Coca-Cola are enjoyed around the world. The company has the world’s largest production and distribution system for soft drinks and sells more than twice as many soft drinks as its nearest competitor. Coca-Cola products are sold in more than 200 countries around the globe.For several reasons, the company believes it will continue to grow internationally. One reasons is that disposable income is rising Another reason is that outside the United States and Europe, the world is getting younger. In addition, reaching world markets is becoming easier as political barriers fall and transportation difficulties are overcome. Still another reason is that the sharing of ideas, cultures and news around the world creates market opportunities.Part of the company mission for C oca-Cola to maintain the world’s powerful trademark and effectively utilize the world’s most effective and pervasive distribution system. In June 1999 Coca-Cola India introduced a 200-milliliter Coke bottle in Delhi, India, in a campaign to market Coke to its poorest customers. This strategy was successful for Coca-Cola in other countries such as Russia. The bottle sells for Rs. 12, making affordable to almost everyone. In 2001, Coca-Cola enjoyed 25% growth in India including an 18% increase in unit case sales of Coca-Cola.Because of the variability of bottling machinery, it is likely that every 200 milliliter bottle of Coca-Cola does not contain exactly 200 milliliters of fluid. Some bottles may contain more fluid and other less. Because 200 milliliters fills are somewhat unusual, a production engineer wants to test some of the bottles from the first production runs to determine how closely they are to the 200 milliliter specification. Suppose the following data are t he field measurements from a random sample of 50 bottles.Consider the measures of central tendency, variation, skewness. Based on this analysis, explain how the bottling process working? 200. 1 200. 1 199. 7 200. 1 200. 4 199. 6 200. 1 200. 3 200. 2 200. 2199. 9 200. 9 200. 4 199. 4 199. 8 200. 4 200. 8 200. 5 200. 5 199. 5200. 2 200. 1 200. 3 199. 6 199. 9 200. 4 199. 9 199. 9 200. 2 200. 6200. 2 200. 3 199. 8 199. 2 200. 2 200. 6 200. 0 201. 1 199. 7 200. 3200. 0 200. 5 199. 3 200. 2 199. 6 200. 6 199. 9 199. 7 200. 9 199. 8 Management Control System Management Control System Assignment â€Å"Budgeting Preparation† * Budget Preparation Budget preparation is a summary of company's plans that sets specific targets for sales, production, distribution and financing activities. It generally culminates in a cash budget, a budgeted income statement, and a budgeted balance sheet. In short, this budget represents a comprehensive expression of management's plans for future and how these plans are to be accomplished. It usually consists of a number of separate but interdependent budgets. One budget may be necessary before the other can be initiated.More one budget estimate effects other budget estimates because the figures of one budget is usually used in the preparation of other budget. This is the reason why these budgets are called interdependent budgets. * Gudeline of Budget Preparation Operating Budgets An operating budget is a statement that presents the financial plan for each responsibility centre during the budget period and reflects operating activities involving revenues and expenses. The most common types of operating budgets are  expense,  revenue, and  profit budgets Expense BudgetAn expense budget is an operating budget that documents expected expenses during the budget period. Three different kinds of expenses normally are evaluated in the expense budget -fixed,  variable  and  discretionary  (Discretionary expenses – costs that depend on managerial judgment because they cannot be determined with certainty, for example:  legal fees, accounting fees  and  R&D expenses). Revenue Budget A revenue budget identifies the revenues required by the organization. It is a budget that  projects future sales. Profit Budget A profit budget combines both expense and revenue budgets into one statement to show  gross and net profits. Feature article about  Production ManagementProfit budgets are used to make  final resource allocation, check on the adequacy of expense budgets relative to anticipated revenues, control activities across units, and assign responsibility to managers for their shares of the organization's financial performance. Financial Budgets Financial Budgets outline how an organization is going to acquire its cash and how it intends to use the cash. Three important financial budgets are the  cash budget,  capital expenditure budget  and the balance sheet budget. Cash budget Cash budgets are forecasts of how much cash the organization has on hand and how much it will need to meet  expenses.The cash budget helps managers determine whether they will have adequate amounts of cash to handle required disbursements when necessary, when there will be excess cash that needs to be invested, and when cash flows deviate from budgeted amounts. Capital Expenditure Budget Capital Expenditure Budgets ,  Investment in property,  buildings and  major equipment  are called capital expenditure. Such capital expenditure budgets allow management to forecast capital requirements, to on top of important capital projects, and to ensure the adequate cash is available to meet these expenditures as they come due.The balance sheet budget The balance sheet budget plans the amount of  assets  and liabilities  for the end of the time period under considerations. A balance sheet budget is also known as a  pro forma (projected) balance sheet. Analysis of the balance sheet budget may suggest problems or opportunities that will require managers to alter some of the other budgets * Budgeting Process * Behavioral Aspects Actually, an effective budget preparation process blends the two approaches. Budgetees prepare the first draft of the budget for their area of responsibility, they do so within guideliness established at higher level.Senior managers review and critique these proposed budgets. Research has shown that budget preparation where the process in which the budgetee is both involved and has influence over the setting of budget amounts and it has positive effects on managerial motivation for two reasons : 1. There is likely to be greater acceptance of budget goals if they are perceived as being under managers’ personal control, rather than being imposed externally. This will leads to higher personal commitment to achieve the goals. 2. Participative budgeting result in effective information exchanges.The approved budget amounts benefit from the expertise and personal knowledge of the budgetees, where the budgetees have a clearer understanding of their jobs through interactions with superior during the review and approval phase. The budget department has a particularly difficult in behavioral problem. It must analyze the budgets in details, and it must be certain that the budget are prepared properlu and that the information is accurate. To accomplis h the tasks, the budget department sometimes must act in ways that line managers perceive as threatening or hostile.To perform, their function effectively, the members of the budget department must have a reputation for impartiality and fairness. If they do not have this reputation, it becomes difficult, if not impossible, for them to perform the task necessary to maintaining the effective budgetary control system. Citation Anthony, R. N. , ; Govindarajan, V. (2007). Behavioral Aspects. In Management Control System (pp. 391-393). New York: McGraw-Hill. How to Prepare Budget. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 02, 2012, from CWA – Communication Workers of America:

My Philosophy of a teacher Essay

What makes a good instructor? There are lots of factors, which determine the answer to this question, and one of the most important aspects of being a good teacher is, I believe, the teaching strategy of a teacher. I think that teachers play a very important role in molding the career of a student emotionally, technically and intellectually. A good teacher is a person who works with a single powerful goal in mind: working for the best interests of all the students, which help them, succeed socially and academically. I certainly don’t agree with the statement made by Dunny that a good teacher is just about knowing the curriculum and forcing the stuff on the students without taking much interest in it. I think that if this thought of dunny materializes, I can’t imagine the level of deterioration in education and true knowledge in the students. Being a good teacher does not mean a person with all the bookish knowledge imparting it to the students without taking a personal interest in the subject. Involving your whole self into the subject and helping the students to realize the main morale of the situation follows true knowledge and not the cramming of books. Also, I think that if a teacher pays greater attention to every student’s personal interests, it will help them to succeed in their career intellectually as well as morally. Besides imparting the curriculum on the students, a teacher has the responsibility of shaping the youths of their class with the knowledge and social experiences they will need to improve their future, so it is very important for a teacher to go beyond the curriculum and impart true knowledge. How can you expect a senior year student to succeed in college if he/she hasn’t got any preparation for the transition by the high school teachers? A true teacher in that case would bring a college like atmosphere into the classroom, which would help the students prepare for the way things would be in college. This is just a small example of what teachers are for, to educate students on more than just books or academics but on life. Teachers are more than just people who relay information about a certain subject. Being a teacher means being a mentor to someone who desperately needs a  mentor: providing love and understanding to someone who may not receive it at home: taking care of someone who is hurt: teaching students to be a success in life and being responsible for their future. The personal satisfaction of giving a new hope to the future citizens of the country greatly surpasses all the negative and strenuous aspects of the job. Learning needs to be fun and hands on as much as possible in order to keep the children interested and eager to learn and this is only possible if the teacher takes personal interest in the curriculum he/she teaches. If students are taught in a way that they will remember, then in the future they will be able to put this knowledge to use practically. If a teacher follows â€Å"the Dunny rule† in class, the students will grow rebellious eventually they may turn up to cursing and screaming in class due to the lack of enjoyment in the knowledge they are being imparted. This results in deviation of the schools main goal: To make their students succeed in life. Finally, I believe that the real duty of a teacher is to foster love for learning and take true interest in the knowledge he/she is imparting to all the students. This includes allowing students to take ownership of their learning, shape their instruction and ultimately give them the choice of success or failure depending on their own sense of responsibility. Thus, I believe that to be a successful teacher, not only one has to impart the knowledge in the curriculum but also prepare the students for life and this is only possible when the teacher takes personal interest in his/her subject while teaching and helps every student to succeed in academics as well as Life, beca use what matters finally is ‘Life’.

Basketball Match That Crazes You And Others English Literature Essay

Basketball Match That Crazes You And Others English Literature Essay Growing up in New York City is never complete without a touch of basketball which is one of the most famous sports in that community. Kids from all over the neighborhood would gather up at the upper east park. We would all stand there and pick the two most controversial teams in the NBA and play with their names. The joy of a basketball match for a player is to win as it is for the supporters, and to do so convincingly. Imagine entering in to the match as underdogs and coming out as the victors. My mind goes crazy when the fans go on chanting slogans in praise of a team that is performing extra ordinarily. A great feeling of self esteem and feeling like jumping out of my skin accompany the continuous overwhelming celebrations. To best illustrate the feelings of going crazy, I am compelled to describe one of my most exciting experience. There are no feelings of such high spirit as described in an indeed crazy match I participated in. Basketball has always been one of Americas exiting sport. It is a sport that not only provided thrilling excitement, but also true team spirit full of satisfaction. In addition, the motivation which superstar basketball players gave us when making the high basket of 7 to 8 feet high was so immense. This sport has shown me how important it is to keep doing what I love. Throughout junior and high school I played for my school. My high school matches were so memorable to me because I enjoyed them to the fullest. I was just so crazy to know how much power and energy a simple guy like me could get, in one small gym court. Just the thought of it made me crazy. In the locker room I heard the murmuring of the guys talking about their day and the rustling of them getting their jerseys and shoes on. Coach walked in, the room silenced. He gave his preamble speech, his voice echoing off the lockers, everyone listening to him as if he was public speaker. The speech of the coach was full of energy and it made all players more energetic as well a s it made me crazy and excited to play the game in more aggressive manner compared to opposing team for the purpose to win with flying colors. I was feeling more energetic and trying to relax from all personal worries and issues of daily life. The purpose would be to concentrate on the game and play it with absolute focus. Most of the audiences of this basketball match were becoming crazy to watch the exiting game, as well as me. It is very essential in the basketball to co-ordinate in effective and efficient manner. Therefore after the coach’s speech we all spend a few minutes to make some strategies in our minds individually. When we all young boys had made their personal strategies basketball team huddle, we talk game strategy and who’s going to have a big game. Outside the locker room we could hear the crowd roaring â€Å"let’s go, let’s go tigers!† that made all of us and the audience go crazy with excitement.

Case brief 2 Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Case brief 2 - Research Proposal Example Rogers, 131 S.Ct. 2507 Vote: 5-4 I. Facts of the Case A family court in South Carolina order that the appellant pay a weekly sum of $51-73 in child support. The appellant was held in contempt on five separate occasions. Upon release the family court submitted a show cause process since the appellant was in arrears. At the civil contempt hearing the appellant was not represented by legal counsel and was found to be in wilful contempt and received a 1 year custodial sentence although the court did not rule on the appellant’s means or capacity to make the child support payments. After completing the sentence the appellant filed a complaint which was rejected by South Carolina’s Supreme Court on the grounds that the matter was civil. II. The Law Article III of the US Constitution only permits the US Supreme Court to hear cases and controversies so that an issue deemed moot does not fall within the US Supreme Court’s Article III jurisdiction. The 14th Amendmentâ€℠¢s due process clause requires that no person shall be deprived of his or her liberty or property without due process. III. Legal Issues/Questions Is the appellant’s claim moot since he had already completed his sentence? Is the appellant entitled to legal counsel pursuant to the due process clause in a civil contempt hearing? IV. Holding/Decision and Action The decision of the lower court was reversed and remanded. V. Opinion The majority opinion was delivered by Breyer J. who ruled that the appellant’s claim was not moot since it could be repeated. Breyer J. also reasoned that the due process clause does not require the provision of legal counsel in civil contempt hearings for failure to pay child support if the state makes provisions for â€Å"alternative procedural safeguards. The safeguards would include notice that capacity to pay was a crucial issue; financial means and ability was elicited; the defendant has an opportunity to argue his financial means; and the court makes a ruling relative to the defendant’s ability to pay. Since the appellant was denied these alternative safeguards he was entitled to legal counsel pursuant to the due process clause. VI. Separate Opinion Justice Thomas filed a dissenting opinion in which he agreed with the lower court and found that the majority opinion was based on issues not raised by the appellant. VII. The Decision as Legal Precedent The decision is not a legal precedent it merely applied a ruling in a similar civil case to the facts of this case. VIII. Summary of Legal Principle A case is alive if it involves an issue that could be repeated for the claimant. Due process cannot be denied in a civil contempt hearing where the defendant faces incarceration. Failure to provide due process would impose upon the government a duty to provide legal counsel for the defendant. IX. Evaluation Due process inevitably means that a defendant in any proceedings, civil or criminal, confronting the deprivation of freedom or property is entitled to safeguards that protect his/her right to be heard and to defend a claim against him/her warranting such deprivation. X. Free Space Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders, 566 U.S. ___ (2012). Vote: 5-3 I. Facts of the Case The appellant was a passenger in a car driven by his wife who was pulled over for a traffic offence. A computer check erroneously revealed that the appellant had an outstanding warrant. The appellant was subsequently arrested, detained and strip searched, although he was subsequently released by the court. The appellant filed suit

GDP Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

GDP Growth - Essay Example In addition, empirically, studying crises is exigent as small samples and partial data is the only available inference. This exploration is going to look into the crises that hit the world and focus on the assessment of the effects on mortgage, credit, derivatives and insurance markets the crises had on national economies. Moreover, the study will scrutinize the stabilization policies nations used to address the destabilization of the markets. With reference to, the experiences of two countries had in the period the crises hit the nations the study will contrast the events comprehensively. Lastly, the paper will look into the precautions and role the central bank played to stabilize the business cycle (Anand et al, 2013). . The crisis Several asset price bubbles like the real estate and the credit bubble, which led to a bloated advantage in banking, caused the crises. As at know the globe has accepted the situation. The crisis had contribution to the euro area where the bubble was as prominent as it was in the United States of America. The rise of house prices and the increase on credit to sustain the lives of the citizens was evident in both Europe and USA but the Euro was hard hit as compared to the USA. For instance, the financial and corporate sectors give a higher inference as compared to the USA. ... The towering savings ratio in China for instance assisted financing a growing present account deficit in the US with no accumulation in interest rate charges. Globalization plus productivity increase, in particular the information technology, declined inflation strain, which in blend with an expansionary fiscal strategy predestined that interest rates go very low. The low interest rates plus an ample liquidity instigated the credit boom in the fiscal markets. A disregard of risk bloated the growth of the monetary sector and fashioned an unbalanced fiscal system. This underrating was due to a number of aspects. New financial improvements and overall system risks were ill understood. Evaluation authorities failed to evaluate the hazards linked with for instance, structured finance. Pro-cyclical bookkeeping values also encouraged the credit explosion in the equivalent trend. In addition, several particular policies such as the US plan to boost home tenure amplified the sub-prime mortgag e market, which resulted to a reduced credit regulation in the country. Governments and central banks have the liability of maintenance of the economic stability through appropriate administration and parameter of the monetary markets. Still, the decision-making structure in many areas was disjointed extending to a deficiency of accountability for the system-wide risks (Anand et al, 2013). . The Effect that Destabilized Credit, Mortgage, and Insurance Markets have had on National Economies The effect that destabilized credit, mortgage, and insurance market is that the crisis had on the markets was different in diverse countries. This was due to the instigators in the countries. Effect on credit The effect on credit disturbed the consumer behavior in the country. The

Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Proposal Example This will immediately be followed with the drafting of chapter 1, which will have the preparation of research question, formation of aims and objectives, and the outline of the significance of the study in some of the highlighted areas. During the last week of drafting of the chapter one, the researcher will begin collecting secondary materials needed to undertake the literature review. The selection will be based on the research questions and specific objectives. The actual drafting of the literature review, which is the chapter two of the study, will take place within a period of three weeks. While drafting the literature review, the researcher will meet resource persons to share ideas. This will then be followed with the seeking of formal consent from the targeted setting for the study. As soon as the permission is granted, the researcher will go on using one week to form the sample size and conduct the actual collection of primary data in three weeks. Thereafter, two weeks will b e dedicated to putting the data collection into writing and then another two weeks will be used to draft the results and analysis. The conclusion and summary shall take one week to draft while the marking of the whole draft will take place in the very week that the conclusion is written. The final week will be dedicated to making corrections and reviewing the entire project report. Resources Needed Computers and Tablet PCs: The researcher will make use of computers and tablet PCs for the typing and researching aspect of the project. The tablet PC is particularly necessary so that the researcher can be on the go with whatever data that he comes across, where the computer may not be readily available or accessible. In effect, the tablet PC would allow for portability. Internet Access: The researcher will need constant access to internet for undertaking online research. Such online researches are going to be necessary for the completion of the proposed research since the researcher wil l be making use of both qualitative and quantitative research approaches and will, therefore, come to a stage where secondary data derived from the internet will be of much relevance. Statistical Software: Since aspects of the research may be quantitative, it is proposed that the need to use statistical software may emerge. Some of these statistical programs may include Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Interview Guide: The researcher shall prepare an exclusive interview guide, with which data shall be collected from members of the sample group. It has already been explained that members in the sample size are going to be made up of students in lower grades and so the best form of data collection instrument to use on them is one that will not make them read and produce written responses. Tape Recorders: In the course of the interview, it will be necessary and important that the researcher records the interactions that will go on between the researcher and the respondents. Because of this, t he researcher will have the need of a tape recorder to do the recording and later transcribe the results. E-Coli Meter: the E-Coli meter is going to be

HRM AND TRANSFORMATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

HRM AND TRANSFORMATION - Essay Example is the first step in effective human-resource management as it involves forecasting the human-resource needs of the organization and planning certain useful and important steps that the organization must take in order to meet those human resource needs that will contribute a high percentage for its overall success as human-resource planning should be connected to the organization’s strategic objectives and mission. (Butensky and Harari, 1983) It can be said that human-resource planning is a challenge because the needs of the organization are constantly changing and sometimes do not converge and such challenge can be greater if the recruitment pool is limited or if the people in charge of human-resource management have not been trained to forecast the organization’s needs to maintain and achieve success in all areas of concern. (Butensky and Harari, 1983) In determining a certain range of importance in regaining factual information regarding as to what extent does human resource planning contributes to the overall success of the organization then, it is important to take in consideration some of its planning issues that may affect positively and or negatively to the success of such organization thus, it is crucial to identify and determine these planning issues as it enumerated below. (Craft, 1980) RetailCo, implements the employment of part time staff and this has provided them some benefits. There is some evidence from a number of sources to indicate a much broader potential for part-time work than its current reputation suggests. Employer benefits complement the increased work flexibility that such programs provide for the suppliers of labor. First, part-time work need not be limited to jobs in the low-pay sales and service sectors where they tend to cluster. Individual examples of New Concept reduced-hour jobs, often among professional librarians, teachers, editors, nurses and others, function well. Some public-sector employing agencies have

Thesis statement Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thesis statement - Coursework Example Subsequently, it is implied that the issue can be regarded from different perspectives since both negative and positive effects of games were detected. However, all available researches and conclusions of authors remain contradictory and mutually exclusive. From one side, video games are said to promote violence and aggressive behavior and a hindrance to academic achievements. From another, video games can be used to promote versatile development. While developing an argument, I can support my thesis resorting to the recent scientific articles that uncover the list of positive effects of playing video games. Today, there is a sufficient number of credible research articles that can be used to scientifically back up the given thesis statement. Among the relevant points that should be included can be named promoting cognitive skills, training memory, sensory perception, attention, and spatial resolution. (Granic, Lobel & Engels, 2014) Apart from that, games often demand a high level of logical thinking, and problem-solving as well as can teach one to be goal oriented and persistent. An important argument in this context is explaining that the most important is to use technologies moderately and block negative messages they can

Topshop vs Urban Outfitters Essay Example for Free

Topshop vs Urban Outfitters Essay Topshop was established in 1964 within a Sheffield department store called Peter Robinson in U. K. In 1974, Topshop was taken out of Peter Robinson and set up as a standalone retailer. It is a chain retail clothing store that operates in more than 20 countries. It is part of Arcadia Group, which was also owns a number of well-know outlets including Burton, Dorothy Perkins, Miss Selfridge and Wallis. It is mainly known for womens clothing and its primary sales come from clothing and fashion accessories. Their womenswear carry dresses, tops, bottoms, bags, shoes, accessories, cosmetics and lingeries. Their mission is to bring in high street fashion at affordable price, their clothing style is very edgy, chic and classy. Their target customers are students to upper-middle class, demographic from 18 to 30s. Urban Outfitters is an apparel company that was incorporated in 1976. The company was originated as â€Å"Free Peoples Store† in Philadelphia in 1970, with concentration of â€Å"funky† household items and clothing. The founder were two Philadelphians, Scott Hayne and Scott Belair. The companys womenswear carry dresses, swimwear, tops, bottoms, bags, outerwear, accessories and intimates. Their products are urban hipster style, vintage feel with a modern twist, something that you can wear everyday. They target at young adult market, age from teens to 20s. Both Urban Outfitters and Topshop are specialty retail store. Topshop s visual merchandising at the front door is quite eye-catching. I think the clothes on the mannequins give a clear picture of what their product style is and what they are selling –cutting edge style. Their recent exterior is displaying mannequins which are facing inside the store rather than outside, this stimulates ones curiosity to enter the store and find out how the front view of the mannequins look like. The merchandise that are featured in the window are positioned on the ground floor, mostly in the center of the store where the themed merchandised items are located. Urban Outfitterss store window decor is not as appealing compare with Topshop. However, they are able to give out a message of their style—earthy, hip and unconventional style. Most of their merchandise that are featured in the window are located on the ground floor but they are not easy to be found as products are placed in different section. Merchandise of Topshop is organized by category, theme and clearance with different size range while Urban Outfitters is organized by category, designers and clearance with different size range. Sale merchandise in Topshop is positioned on the top floor of the store. They are placed according to category and located in a different area. Clothing from 10% to 30% off and shoes from 30% to 60% off. Sale merchandise of Urban outfitters is also positioned on the top floor of the store. However, they are grouped in a sale zone. Clothing and shoes from 30% to 40% off. In Topshop, all clothing are hanging on the rack, part of the accessories are placed on the table but mostly are hanging on the rack. Shoes are displayed on the wall mounted shoe rack while a few of them like boots are placed on the table within the same category section. On the other hand, Urban outfitters have their clothing both hung on the rack and folded on the table. Shoes are displayed on the wall mounted shoe rack and some are placed on the table. Accessories are displayed both on the rack and table. Books and toys are placed on either the table and the shell. Topshop is a UK national brand, their vendor assortment include collaboration with other designers. Recent collaboration is the JW Andersons collection which was launched last friday September 14, 2012. JW Anderson is a london fashion week star designer. The Topshop store in Soho has a special designed partition located by the entrance door to showcase the whole JW Andersons collection. Topshop also collaborated with starts like British supermodel Kate Moss and British artist Stella Vine in 2007. Urban Outfitters carry private label brands, all label products are mix together and placed by category. However, expensive products are organized by label brands in a particular section. In Topshop, there is a big sign of directory on the mirror wall with backlight letters next to the escalator which is hard to miss. In addition, clear signage underneath the escalator shows you the directory of the next floor while you are taking the escalator up. There are posters on the wall shows message like items on sales and student discount. In contrast, Urban Outfitters has no signage for direction used inside the store, but there are signage above the racks that indicates a particular priced group of items. Topshop is not publicly traded while Urban Outfitters is. Urban Outfitters is one of the retail brands under Urban Outfitters Inc. It is a publicly traded American company and is owned and chaired by Robert Hayne. The company is also held by several large investors, such as Fidelity Management Research Company, Maverick Capital Ltd, Vanguard Group, and Capital Guardian Trust Company. According to NASDAQ website posted on September 21, 2012. The total net sales during the second quarter of Urban Outfitters Inc. has increased increase 11% to $676. 3 million, the net sales by brands grew 14. 1% to $310. 7 million at Urban Outfitters. Topshop prices vary from line to line to accommodate all aspect of spectrum. One of their popular line â€Å"Mainline† offering classic style is marked at a reasonable pricepoint. On the other hand, â€Å"Premium† line is focus on shoppers of quality products who are looking for detailed, superior material apparel is on a higher pricepoint. Urban Outfitters prices does not vary much from label to label, products are marked at the same price range at a reasonable pricepoint. There are a few high-end label brands on a much higher pricepoint than the regular brands. In conclusion, both stores offers similar merchandise with the same merchandising philosophy. However, Topshop covers a wider range of target customers than Urban Outfitters. However, the only draw back within Topshop is its failure to provide prices that accommodate their large student market. Both of their style is very different and does not portray the same merchandising message. Topshop is more internationally recognized due to its market diversity and intense marketing strategies. I think Urban Outfitters should broaden their global threshold, for instance, expanding their market to Asia.