The Cuban Missile Crisis Was A Twenty Day Crisis - 923 Words

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a thirteen day crisis that occurred between the United States and the Soviet Union. This crisis occurred on October 14, 1962 and ended on October 28, 1962. The crisis involved the placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba by the Soviet Union and the caused concern for the United States due to the closeness of Cuba. This placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba was due to the failed Bay of Pigs fiasco and Cuba’s need for protection against the United States invading in the future. The Bay of Pigs was a failed mission of the United States that happened in April of 1961. The United States wanted to overthrow the communist leader Fidel Castro, but was ultimately defeated within just three days. Due to this failure, Cuba contacted the Soviet Union to get them to place nuclear missiles so that Cuba could defend their country from the United States. With this failure under John F. Kennedy’s presidency, he had to figure out a different way of forcing the d ictatorship of Fidel Castro without strengthening him even more. Before they could plan another invasion into Cuba, a U-2 plane had flown close range to the Cuban border and had captured photographic evidence of nuclear missile facilities being built. According to Marfleet (2000), â€Å"Kennedy was privately belligerent—a condition sparked largely by anger at what he perceived to be Soviet attempts to deceive him† (p 547). While it was a small part of a bigger problem, it was the key defining event of the Cold WarShow MoreRelatedCauses Of The Cuban Missile Crisis1279 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Cuban Missile Crisis, President John F. Kennedy said, â€Å"It is insane that two men, sitting on opposite sides of the world, should be able to decide to bring an end to civilization,† (Nuclear Ban Test Treaty). This quote directly describes the overall idea of Cuban Missile Crisis. The â€Å"Thirteen Days† of the Cuban Missile Crisis refer to the closest poi nt where the Soviet Union and the United States came to nuclear war. For thirteen days both nations waited in fear, for news if there was aboutRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis : The United States1339 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Cuban Missile Crisis was a thirteen day political and military standoff between the United States and Soviet Union officials. The confrontation was over the Soviet army putting nuclear weapons on Cuban soil, only ninety miles from the United States coast. On October 15, 1962 a United States U-2 Spy Plane discovered the missiles and this started the crisis itself. On October 22, 1962 President John F. Kennedy addressed the United States and told the country about the missiles and also statedRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy: Hero or Villain Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesPresident John F. Kennedy: Hero or Villain? For thirteen days, the United States’ government and citizens waited with abated breath, fearing the nuclear annihilation of their great nation. These thirteen days between October 16 and 28, 1962 are now known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Briefly this crisis can be explained as a confrontation between two of the world’s greatest superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, which nearly instigated a nuclear calamity that could have destroyed bothRead MoreWhat Major Events in the Cold War Caused Fidel Castro to Side with the Soviet Union Super Power?805 Words   |  4 PagesCastro to side with the Soviet Union Super Power? In the 1960’s the world was largely dominated by the Cold War which was a long period of tension and hostility that only occasionally broke out into open warfare. This conflict was caused by the rivalry of two superpowers - the United States and the Soviet Union and emerged after the Second World War. Both super powers had different ideologies - the United States was a capitalist democracy, whereas the Soviet Union were communist. These two superRead MoreThe Cuban Missile Crisis Essay2023 Words   |  9 PagesThirteen days in October of 1962 changed the course of the World in the nuclear age forever. The Cuban Missile Crisis represents the closest brink of mutual nuclear destruction the World has ever been close to reaching. The leadership in place throughout the crisis is critical to the story of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Three men dominated the nations involved in the crisis and captivated citizens of all corners of the world. President John Fitzgerald Kennedy of the United States, Soviet Premier NikitaRead MoreCauses of the Cuban Missile Crisis1872 Words   |  8 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis was one of the most pressured filled moments in the history of the United States. Furthermore, the actins that took place that day would have not have just effected the United States and the Soviet Union but the entire war. The U.S. and Soviet Union the resident two superpowers of the time were on the verge of all out nuclear war. That potential war would have murdered tens of thousands of people within the first couple days. Furthermore, the nuclear fallout from a war ofRead MoreThe Cold War : Cuban Missile Crisis2377 Words   |  10 PagesDuBois World Studies 19 June 2015 The Cold War: Cuban Missile Crisis Nuclear catastrophe was hanging by a thread ... and we weren t counting days or hours, but minutes. Soviet General and Army Chief of Operations, Anatoly Gribkov The closest the World has ever been to nuclear war was with The Cuban Missile Crisis. The lives of millions lay in the ability of President John F. Kennedy and Premier Nikita Khrushchev to reach an agreement. The crisis began when the United States discovered that justRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Kennedy Hope947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kennedy Hope 1961 was a year of renewal and hope for American and its allies through the election of 1960 and a new young vigorous president; John F. Kennedy. Young and full of energy President Kennedy gave America hope through courage, re-invention, and pioneered that path forward for America and its people. The election of President Kennedy to the highest office in the land of freedom and opportunity brought new hope, dedication, and power through superiority to America and the world. FirstRead MoreEssay about The Cuban Missile Crisis1349 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cuban Missile Crisis The Cold War was a time in history when intense rivalry overcame two nations. Many historians agree that the Cold War began in 1945, the end of World War II, and lasted through the late 1980’s. The two opposing sides were the Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States. The Cold War was not a battle involving guns; in fact it was more about power and competition between two groups. Each side thought its political and economic systems were superior to the otherRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Gave the Order for the Bay of Pigs Invasion1100 Words   |  4 PagesCuba and overthrow Castro, America was expecting a victory. The American population expected Cuba to be destroyed. They thought Cuba could not stand up to the United States. What they didn’t expect was that Cuba would put up a fight. The Bay of Pigs invasion was a deciding factor in the Cold War that gave Cuba and the Soviet Union strength, and decreased morale and confidence in the Americans. The Bay of Pigs invasion took place during the Cold War, which was not an actual war, but it consisted

The Music Of The Sonata - 956 Words

In the early seventeenth century, the word sonata was a vague label that referred to any piece of music that was meant to be played rather than sung. This type of musical composition is, in ways, reminiscent of the canzona though definitely influenced by that genre. Prominent composers not only aided in the growth of the sonata, but also continued to develop the style that would help evolve music of upcoming generations. The canzona is a songlike, polyphonic, instrumental piece. A type of canzona that used plenty of contrast was the ensemble canzona which paved the way for the trio sonata. The trio sonata eventually became the most popular genre of Baroque, chamber music and thus the most common category of sonata composed. A three-part piece, the trio sonata consisted of two melodies that played over an accompaniment. Furthermore, from the trio sonata derived the sonata de chiesa (â€Å"church sonata†) and the sonata de camera (â€Å"chamber sonata†). Church sonatas were contrapuntal, sacred compositions usually comprised of four movements that alternate between tempos (slow-fast-slow-fast). Accordingly, these sonatas were composed for religious services and performed in churches. Chamber sonatas were secular compositions that opened with a prelude. This prelude would be followed by a series of dances, analogous to the suite. Therefore, sonatas de camera were played by chamber orchestr as for entertainment. These two forms of sonata were not strict opposites of each other. IntegratingShow MoreRelatedJ.S. Bach Flute Sonata in B Minor (Bwv 1030): the Development of the Baroque Flute, the Flautists and the Music1763 Words   |  8 PagesJ.S. Bach Flute Sonata in B minor (BWV 1030): the development of the Baroque Flute, the flautists and the music Johann Sebastian Bach (J.S. Bach) is no doubt one of the greatest composers of all times. He composed many works for flute including works for solo flute, flute with harpsichord and/or continuo and, two flutes and harpsichord. However, there has been a controversy, over the flute works, whether they were composed solely by the composer, assisted by someone or under the guidance of J.SRead MoreBiography Of Ludwig Van Beethoven s Moonlight Sonata 1635 Words   |  7 Pagesand played by him for us to marvel at and understand the true meaning of music. Mainly known for his work and compositions with the piano, he composed pieces to be performed with multiple different instruments. My goal, however, is to explore one of the most popular compositions that he wrote for his cornerstone instrument, which is Op.27 No.2, more widely known to the world as his â€Å"Moonlight Sonata.† This legendary sonata was written to completion in 1801, and it is said that Beethoven wrote itRead MoreBeethoven and the Classical and Romantic Periods Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesthirty-two piano sonatas. Of those thirty-two piano sonatas, the thirty-first piano sonata was one of the most important and was composed in the year 1821towards the end of Beethoven’s life. It is one of Ludwig van Beethoven’s final sonatas for the piano, given the full name: Piano Sonata No. 31 in A-flat major, op. 110. I am writing about a video performance – found on YouTube – by Richard Goode in 1993. The performance piece is a sonata which is defined by Kerman as â€Å"a chamber-music piece in severalRead MoreThe Roots Of Sonata847 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roots of Sonata The name Sonata or known as first movement appeared in the early 17th century, when instrumental music began to separate instrument or composition of the piece from vocal music. ‘Sonata means a work to be played, which is derived from the Italian word suonare. At first, Sonata form is made for dance movements and used as a church music, but eventually this form changed and became really popular among composers of classical music from the 17th century until the earlyRead MoreThe Piano Sonata Op.35 No.2, By Johann Sebastian Bach Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesthe keys. Moreover, in the history of the keyboard music, the work developed by Johann Sebastian Bach during the Baroque period entitled, The Well- Tempered Clavier, is harmonically and musically substantial since he uses a pedagogical way to state the individuality of each key signature; he demonstrates a preference for sharps rather than flats. He chooses F sharp in both books of preludes and fugue. In the second movement of the Piano Sonata Op.35 No.2, the Scherzo is written in the key of E flatRead MoreEssay on Unit 4 Summary Assignment1456 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Module 4 – Music of the Classical Period Unit Summary (20 points) 1. Name two important visual artists (not musicians) from the Classical Period. (1 point) Jean-Honorà © Fragonard Jacques-Louis David 2. Name two important writers of literature (not musicians) from the Classical Period. ( 1 point) Voltaire Denis Diderot Jane Austen 3. Discuss the political events and sociological factors that made the Classical Period such a time of violent upheaval. (1 point) The years 1750 to 1820 wereRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven, Pianist And Composer1381 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the late 18th century, Ludwig van Beethoven, pianist and composer, began to his glorious rise to fame in the world of music. After moving to Vienna and becoming a pupil of the celebrated Joseph Haydn, Beethoven commenced his period of compositional productivity and creativity, as known as the â€Å"Heroic Phase† or â€Å"The Middle Period†. Beethoven’s musical style and productivity were heavily based off Romanticism, the idea of expressing one self’s thoughts and emotions freely through the artsRead MoreEssay on Ensemble Music During the Baroque Period 640 Words   |  3 PagesEnsemble Music During the Baroque period, instrumental music was written for every conceivable size of ensemble. On the smaller side, the Baroque sonata offers one of the finest examples of chamber music. Two types of sonata are found during this period: the sonata da chiesa (church sonata), and the sonata da camera (chamber sonata). The sonata da chiesa was more somber, while the sonata da camera was, much like the suite, usually comprised of dance forms. The gigue from Corellis Sonata for 2 violinsRead More John Cage and Revolutionary Music Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Cage and Revolutionary Music An Avant-garde is someone who is ahead of his time. He is a person who is willing to cross new boundaries and to try new things. The meaning of an Avant-garde is a group or an individual who is active in the invention and application of new techniques in a given field. Who else could this definition fit better than John Cage himself? He himself believed that he was someone who wanted to invent new music. ?Cage considered himself a musical inventor? (Page 83Read MoreMid 1700s Music Composers and the Operatic Reform Essay605 Words   |  3 Pagesdramatic truth. Transitioning from opera seria there were several changes that were made to the music. There were more flexible formal structures, varied musical resources, much less predictable recitatives and arias, and more significant choruses from dramatic reasons. As stated before, Christoph Willibald Gluck instigated the Operatic Reform and reintroduced opera to the libretto being the servant of the music. Gluck combined French and Italian elements for more dramatic, less diva-based operas. â€Å"This

Night World Soulmate Chapter 10 Free Essays

The first sight of her broke through his animal state and gave him enough mind to stand up like a man. She reminded him of Hellewise. She had that same look of tender courage, that same ageless wisdom in her eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Soulmate Chapter 10 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Any woman could be pretty by virtue of regular features. But Hana was beautiful because her soul showed in her face. Seeing her made him ashamed. Seeing her defend him, intercede on his behalf as she was so obviously doing, made him angry. He resisted when she sneaked him out of the cave and tried to send him back into the world. Didn’t she understand? It was best for him to die. As long as he was loose, no child, no woman, no man was safe. Even as he stood there in the moonlight with her, he was trembling with need. The bloodlust was trying to unbalance his mind, and it was all he could do not to grab her and bite into her soft throat. When she offered him her throat, he almost cried. It wasn’t a sacrifice to turn her down and walk away. It was the only right thing to do, the only thing he could do. And then the hunters came. His mind was unbalanced by the torture. It was that simple. Not that it was an excuse, there was no excuse for what followed. But during the endless time while Hana’s clan burned and stabbed and beat him, he lost all contact with the person he thought of as himself. He became an animal, as mindless as the mob that was trying to kill him. As an animal, he wanted two things: to survive and to strike out at the people who were hurting him. And there was a way to do both. Throats. White throats, spurting dark blood. The image came to him slowly in his haze of pain. He didn’t have to lie here and take this. He was wounded, but there was still a granite core of strength inside him. He could fight back, and his enemies would give him life. The next time a spear jabbed at him, he grabbed it and pulled. It belonged to the broad-shouldered hunter, the one who’d led the others to him. Thierry grabbed the man as he stumbled forward, wrestling him to the ground. And then, before anyone in the crowd had time to react, he darted for the hunter’s throat, for the big vein that pulsed just under the skin. It was all over in a minute. He was drinking deep, deep, and gaining strength with every swallow. The dam of the Three Rivers was staring at him in paralyzed shock. It felt good. He tossed the dead man aside and reached for another. When several hunters came at him at once, he knocked them apart and killed them, one, two, three. He was a very efficient killer. The blood made him supernaturally strong and fast, and the bloodlust gave him motivation. He was like a wolf set loose in a herd of antelope-except that for a long time nobody in the clan had the sense to run. They kept coming at him, trying to stop him, and he kept killing. It was a slaughter. He killed them all. He was drunk with blood and he gloried in it, in the animal simplicity of it, the power it gave him. Killing was glory. Killing to eat, killing for revenge. Destroying the people who hurt him. He didn’t ever want to stop. He was drinking the last drops from the veins of a young girl when he looked down and saw it was Hana. Her clear gray eyes were wide open, but the light in them was beginning to go dark. He’d killed her. In one blinding instant he wasn’t an animal anymore. He was a person. And he was looking down at the one person who had tried to help him, who had offered him her blood to keep him alive. He raised his eyes and saw the devastation he’d left in the cave. It wasn’t just this girl. He’d murdered ‘most of her tribe. That was when he knew the truth. He was damned. Worse than Maya. He’d committed a crime so monstrous that he could never be forgiven, never be redeemed. He had joined evil in the end, just as Maya had promised he would. No punishment could be too great for him-but then, no punishment would make the slightest difference anyway, not to these people or to the dying girl in his arms. For just an instant some part of him pushed away at the feelings of guilt and horror. All right, you’re evil, it said. You might as well go ahead and be evil. Enjoy it. Have no regrets. It’s your nature, now. Give in. Then the girl in his arms stirred. She was still conscious, although barely. Her eyes were still open. She was looking up at him†¦. In that moment, Thierry felt a shock that was different from anything he’d ever felt before. In those large gray eyes, in the pupils which were hugely dilated as if to catch every last ray of light before death, he saw†¦ himself. Himself and the girl, walking together, hand in hand through the ages. Joined. Shifting scenes behind them, different places, different times. But always the two of them, tied with an invisible bond. He recognized her. It was almost as if all those different ages had already happened, as if he were only remembering them. But he knew they were in the future. He was looking down the corridor of time, seeing what should have been. She was his soulmate. She was the one who was supposed to have walked with him through different lives, being born and loving and dying and being born again. They’d been born for each other, to help each other grow and blossom and discover and evolve. They should have had many lives together. And none of it was going to happen. He was an immortal creature-how could he die and be born again? And she was dying because of him. He’d destroyed it all, everything. He’d killed his destiny. In the enormity of it, he sat silent and stunned. He couldn’t say, â€Å"I’m sorry.† He couldn’t say, â€Å"What have I done?† There was nothing that he could say that wasn’t so trivial as to be demeaning to her. He simply sat and shook, looking down into her eyes. He had an endless feeling of falling. And then Hana spoke. I forgive you. It was just a whisper, but he heard it in his mind, not with his ears. And he understood it, even though her language was different from his. Thierry reeled with the discovery that he could talk to her. Oh, Goddess, the chance at least to tell her how he would try to atone for this by spilling out his own blood.. . You can’t forgive me. He could see that she understood his own hushed answer. He knew he didn’t deserve forgiveness. But part of him wanted her to realize that he had never meant this to happen. I wasn’t always like this. I used to be a person- We don’t have time for that, she told him. Her spirit seemed to be reaching toward him, drawing him into her, facing him in a still and separate place where only the two of them existed. He knew then that she had seen the same thing he had, the same corridor of time. She was gentle, but so sad. I don’t want you to die. But I want you to promise me one thing. Anything. I want you to promise me you ‘II never kill again. It was easy to promise. He didn’t plan to live†¦ no, she didn’t want him to die. But he couldn’t live without her and he certainly couldn’t live after what he’d done. He’d worry about it later, about how to deal with the long gray stretch of future waiting for him. For now, he said, I’ll never kill again. She gave him just the faintest of smiles. And then she died. The gray eyes went fixed and dark. Unseeing. Her skin was ghostly white and her body was absolutely still. She seemed smaller all at once as her spirit left her. Thierry cradled her, moaning like a wounded animal. He was crying. Shaking so hard he almost couldn’t keep hold of her. Helpless, pierced by love that felt like a spear, he reached out to gently push her hair off her face. His thumb stroked her cheek- and left a trail of blood. He stared at it in horror. The mark was like a blaze of red against her pale skin. Even his love was deadly. His caress had branded her. The few survivors of Hana’s clan were on the move, surrounding Thierry, panting and gasping with their spears ready. They sensed that he was vulnerable now. And he wouldn’t have lifted a hand to stop them†¦ except that he had made a promise to Hana. She wanted him alive to keep it. So he left her there. He picked up her still, cooling body and carried it toward the nearest hunter. The man stared at him in fear and disbelief, but he finally dropped his spear to take the dead girl. And then Thierry walked out of the cave and into the merciless sunlight. He headed for his home. Maya caught up with him somewhere on the steppes, appearing out of the tall, ripping grass. â€Å"I told you how you’d end up. Now forget that washed-out blonde and start enjoying life with me.† Thierry didn’t even look at her. The only thing he could imagine doing with Maya was killing her†¦ and he couldn’t do that. â€Å"Don’t walk away from me!† Maya wasn’t laughing now. She was furious. Her voice followed him as he kept going. â€Å"I chose you, Theorn! You’re mine. You can’t walk away from me!† Thierry kept going, neither slower nor faster, letting her voice blend into the humming of the insects on the grassland. But her mental voice followed him. I’ll never let you get away. You’ll always be mine, now and forever. Thierry traveled fast, and in only a few days, he reached home and the person he’d come to see. Hellewise looked up from her drying herbs and gasped. â€Å"I’m not going to hurt you,† he said. â€Å"I need your help.† What he wanted from her was a spell to sleep. He wanted to sleep until Hana was born again. â€Å"It could be a long time,† Hellewise said when he told her the whole story. â€Å"It sounds as if her soul has been damaged. It could be hundreds of years- even thousands.† Thierry didn’t care. â€Å"And you might die,† Hellewise said, looking at him steadily with her deep, soft brown eyes. â€Å"And with what you’ve become-I don’t think creatures like you are reborn. You would just†¦ die.† Thierry simply nodded. He was only afraid of two things: that Maya would find him while he was asleep, and that he wouldn’t know when to wake up. â€Å"I can arrange the second,† Hellewise said quietly. â€Å"You’re linked anyway; your souls are one. When she’s born again, voices from the Other Side will whisper to you.† Thierry himself figured out how to solve the first problem. He dug himself a grave. It was the only place where he could count on being safe and undisturbed. Hellewise gave him an infusion of roots and bark and Thierry went to sleep. He slept a long time. He slept straight through the epic battle when Hellewise drove Maya and her son Red Fern out of the tribe and away from the witches. He slept through the origins of the Night World and thousands of years of human change. When he finally woke up, the world was a different place, with civilizations and cities. And he knew that somewhere Hana had been born in one of them. He began to look. He was a wanderer, a lost soul with no home and no people. But not a killer. He learned to take blood without killing, to find willing donors instead of hunting terrified prey. He looked in every village he passed, learning about the new world surrounding him, surviving on very little, searching every face he saw. Lots of communities would have been glad to adopt him, this tall young man with dusty clothes and far-seeing eyes. But he only stayed long enough to make sure that Hana wasn’t there. When he did find her it was in Egypt, the Kingdom of the Two Lands. She was sixteen. Her name was Ha-nahkt. And Thierry would have recognized her anywhere, because she was still tall, still fair-haired and gray-eyed and beautiful. Except for one thing. Across her left cheek, where his fingers had smeared her own blood the night that he had killed her, was a red mark like a bruise. Like a stain on her perfect skin. It was a sort of psychic brand, a physical reminder of what had happened in her last life. A permanent wound. And it was his fault. Thierry was overcome with grief and shame. He saw that the other girl, Ket, the friend who had been with Hana in the last life, was with her again now. She had friends. Maybe it was best to leave her alone in this life, not even try to speak to her. But he had forgotten about Maya. Vampires don’t die. Life is strange sometimes. It was just as Thierry was thinking this that a figure walked into the lobby. Still half in his daydream of the past, he was expecting it to be Circe, so for a moment he was simply confused. Then his heart rate picked up and every muscle in his body tensed violently. † It was Maya. He hadn’t seen her for over a hundred years. The last time had been in Quebec, when Hannah had been named Annette. And Maya had just killed her. Thierry stood up. She was as beautiful as ever. But to Thierry it was like the rainbow on oil scum. He hated her more than he had ever imagined he could hate anyone. â€Å"So you found me,† he said quietly. â€Å"I knew you’d show up eventually.† Maya smiled brilliantly. â€Å"I found her first.† Thierry went still. â€Å"That amulet was a very good one. I had to wait around to catch her alone so she could invite me inside.† Thierry’s heart lurched. He felt a physical wrench, as if something in him were actually trying to get out, trying desperately to get to Hannah-now. How could he have been so stupid? She was too innocent; of course she would invite someone into her house. And she thought of Maya as a friend. The ring should have offered at least a measure of protection from mind control-but only if Hannah had kept it on. Thierry realized now that she probably hadn’t. His voice a bare whisper, he said, â€Å"What did you do to her?† â€Å"Oh, not much. Mostly it was just conversation. I mentioned that you were likely to get rough with her if things didn’t go your way.† Maya tilted her head, eyes on his face, looking for a reaction. Thierry didn’t give it to her. He just stood, watching her silently. She hadn’t changed in thousands of years. She never changed, never grew, never got tired. And she never gave up. He didn’t think she was capable of it. Sometimes he thought he should just tie himself to her at the waist and find a bottomless pit to jump into. Rid the world of its two oldest vampires and all the problems Maya caused. But there was his promise to Hannah. â€Å"It doesn’t matter what you say to her,† he said stonily. â€Å"You don’t understand, Maya. This time is different. She remembers and-â€Å" â€Å"And she hates you. I know. Poor baby.† Maya made a mock-sympathetic face. Her eyes sparkled peacock blue. Thierry gritted his teeth. â€Å"And I’ve come to a decision,† he went on evenly. â€Å"The cycle has to be broken. And there is a way to do it.† â€Å"I know,† Maya said before he could finish. â€Å"You can give her up. Give in to me† â€Å"Yes.† This time he cut her off. And the look of astonishment that flared in her eyes was worth it. â€Å"At least, yes to the first part,† he finished. â€Å"I’m giving her up.† â€Å"You’re not. You can’t.† â€Å"She’s happy in this life. And she-doesn’t want me.† There. It had been hard to say, but he’d gotten it out. â€Å"She remembers everything-I don’t know why, but she does. Maybe because she’s so dose to her original form. Maybe somehow the memories are closer to the surface. Or maybe it’s the hypnosis. But in any case, she doesn’t want me anymore.† Maya was watching him, fascinated, her eyes the violet of deep twilight, her lips parted. Suddenly, she looked beyond him and smiled secretly. â€Å"She remembers everything? You really think so?† Thierry nodded. â€Å"All I’ve ever brought her is misery and pain. I guess she realizes that.† He took a breath, then caught Maya’s eyes again. â€Å"So I’m end-tag the cycle†¦ now.† â€Å"You’re going to walk away.† â€Å"And so are you. She’s no threat to you anymore. If you want something from me, the only person to deal with is me. You can try any time you like in Vegas.† He gazed at her levelly. Maya threw back her head and let out ripples of musical laughter. â€Å"Oh, why didn’t you tell me before? You could have saved me some trouble†¦ but on the other hand, her blood was very sweet. I wouldn’t have missed-â€Å" She broke off, then, because Thierry slammed her against the oak-paneled wall of the lobby. In one instant, his control had disappeared. He was so angry that he couldn’t speak out loud. What did you do to her? What did you do? He shouted the words telepathically as his hands closed around Maya’s throat. Maya just smiled at him. She was the oldest vampire, and the most powerful. In every vampire who came after her, her blood had been diluted, half as strong, a quarter as strong, an eighth. But she was the original and the purest. She wasn’t afraid of anyone. Mel I didn’t do anything, she said, answering him the same way. I’m afraid you were the one who attacked her. She seemed very unhappy about it; she even stabbed you with a pencil. Maya lifted a hand and Thierry saw a neat dark hole puncturing it, faintly ringed with blood. The power of illusion, he thought. Maya could appear as anyone and anything she wanted. She had talents that usually only belonged to werewolves and shapeshifters. And of course she was a witch. She really has extraordinary spirit, Maya went on. But she’s all right-you didn’t exchange as much blood as you ‘d planned. The pencil, you see. People were gathering behind Thierry, murmuring anxiously. They were about to interfere and ask him to please let go of the girl he was strangling. He ignored them. Listen to me, he told Maya, staring into her mocking golden eyes. Listen, because I’m never going to say this again. If you touch Hannah again-ever-in any life-I will kill you. â€Å"I’ll kill you,† he whispered out loud, to emphasize it. â€Å"Believe me, Maya, I’ll do it.† Then he let her go. He had to get to Hannah. Even a small exchange of blood with a vampire could be dangerous, and Maya’s blood was the most potent on earth. Worse, he’d already taken some of Hannah’s blood last night. She could be critically weak now †¦ or starting to change. He wouldn’t think about that. You won’t, you know. Maya’s telepathic voice followed him as he made for the door. You won’t kill me. Not Thierry the compassionate, Thierry the good vampire, Thierry the saint of Circle Daybreak. You’re not capable of it. You can’t kill. Thierry stopped on the threshold and turned around. He stared directly into Maya’s eyes. â€Å"Try me.† Then he was outside, moving quickly through the night. Even so, Maya got the last word. And, of course, there’s your promise†¦. How to cite Night World : Soulmate Chapter 10, Essay examples

Managing Performance for Results

Question: Discuss about the Managing Result and Performance ? Answer : 1: Paychex Inc, unlike many other provider of payroll deals with an extensive amount of clienteles. According to Montano Kasprzyk, in fact the mentioned post of an account executive is one of daunting task and according the mentioned responsibilities, the executives have to very skilled sand potent in their job (Montano Kasprzyk, 2015).The fact that the executives gather a fair amount of experiences while attending events, representing at official places makes them more accustomed to the deadline and criterias of different clients. In this perspective they must follow the results based assessment meter which will determine and value of the efforts as the previous results have shown significant improvement. They also cooperate and are involved in training and development of the new executives which can be overviewed by the behavioral approach to analyze the performance. Moreover, most importantly the personal interaction makes this process much more feasible for a result based performa nce measurements. Therefore in regards to the situation that are been followed in Paychex Inc., the performance measurement can be recommended on the result based derivative or a multi-disciplinary approach to the two methods. 2: The checklist for the following approach: The suggested performance measurement approach for Paychex has been behavioral in nature because in the words of Phillips, meeting the appropriate requirements of the clients and serving them with the best of the services in regards to any executive is the main objective (Phillips Phillips, 2016).Therefore, the performance will be reflected at the end of the day which measures and assess the best productivity which has achieved in terms of revenue which is provided by the prospective client. In this way, the efforts of the accounts executive can also be recognized in terms of the result, rather than a theoretical and subjective approach of behaviorism. Reference Montano, D. E., Kasprzyk, D. (2015). Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model.Health behavior: Theory, research and practice (. Pedhazur, E. J., Schmelkin, L. P. (2013).Measurement, design, and analysis: An integrated approach. Psychology Press. Phillips, J. J., Phillips, P. P. (2016).Handbook of training evaluation and measurement methods. Routledge.

See What IM Saying free essay sample

An example is when a deaf man was looking for apartments in his price range he had to use this video chat and the landlord just hung up on him when the interrupter asked the landlord if they have used one of these video chats. I could not believe it the landlord just hung up. Another example, it is hard enough for hearing people to make it in the acting world, so it must be even hard for deaf people and an African American deaf person too and Robert’s interview about his last interactions with his mom using an interpreter. There were tons of key moments that impacted me and once that just did not make a big dent. I already listed a few moments that had a negative effect on me. The International Sign Language Theatre Festival towards the end of the film was amazing. I wish I could have gone, there were different acts from around the world, different types of acts, and a great thought. We will write a custom essay sample on See What IM Saying or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was interesting to the different types of sign language across the world. It is similar to speaking, for example, certain countries have different type of language and that is the same with signing. Its inspirational characters and messages really made me think deeper into deaf culture. I wanted to learn more about deaf culture and more signing than just American Sign Language. The four many characters all touched my heart in different ways. Robert, the actor, no matter what challenges he faced he was still optimistic. TL, the singer, is a hard of hearing she struggles to be accepted by the deaf community since she is not a native sign language user and â€Å"passes† in the hearing world. She still continues to work hard and produce an album. Bob, the drummer, decides to follow his life’s passion, while in his late years. CJ, the actor/comedian, struggles to gain access in mainstream media. Even though he has been turned down my many possible jobs he decides to produce the first International Sign Language Theatre Festival. The drive that all four have is overwhelming to me. I believe the director was trying to â€Å"say† with this film is to get rid of any stereotyping with deaf people and culture. The director let imagery do the talking by showing different aspects of the deaf culture, such as creative, intelligent, and human beings who share the same dreams as everyone else. Another main concept is to hire more deaf actors, because they can act any role. To hire a deaf actor you do not need a storyline based on deaf, just the idea about including a deaf person. One of my favorite funny clips is when an attempting to sign with a deaf and hearing person, about the Beatles and the British Invasion ends up translating as â€Å"roach infestation†. I plan to tell all of my friends about this movie.

Drugs Crime and Prohibition essays

Drugs Crime and Prohibition essays Do drugs really cause crime, or is it our governments way of controlling the communities? Many people blame drugs for every problem in our society, but is it the true evil in our society? No one person can answer that question. There are only opinions and supposed theories on this issue. We have been taught over the years that drugs were bad and that they only affected the poor and less fortunate, and turned them into crazy criminals, but this isnt true to any extent. The laws controlling and prohibiting drugs are the true culprit. Would our crime levels decline if drugs were legalized to some extent, or would we just increase the destruction of our country? Over the past fifty years, prohibition has been proven to actually increase crime and drug use instead of its intended purpose, which was to extinguish the use of illicit drugs in the United States. We constantly here of prison over crowding, and why is that? Most of our prisons are filled with drug offenders, ranging from use to distribution of supposed illicit drugs. What is our country coming to? The purpose of this research paper is to view the advantages and disadvantages of the legalization of illicit drugs in the United States. I will examine each side of this major problem plaguing our fine country from past to present. People wake everyday to their normal and monotonous life without even thinking about what they are doing. They do not realize that they have been conditioned by the government and its laws to obey and follow the supposed norm of society. What is the norms of society, and who set the guidelines for them? No one can explain how these norms came about, they only know that they must follow them, or they could get in trouble with the law. We are going into the twenty first century, and we still follow laws that were passed hundreds of years ago. Why is this? We are a highly advanced country, but we spend time, lives and money on abiding by laws that we...

Legal Aspects Associated With Performance Management Programs - Part Assignment

Legal Aspects Associated With Performance Management Programs - Part II - Assignment Example Meanwhile, quote (year) noted that any legal outcomes that proceed from the inefficiencies of one person in the implementation of performance management systems could bring the reputation of the entire organization to disrepute. I must admit that I agree with you on all three types of claims that can be brought up on employers regarding performance management system as you mentioned. Certainly, defamation can arise as there is personal sabotage against certain employees to run their professional reputation down. Discrimination could also be the result of bias and preference of selected employees over others. Then also, negligence can occur as there is apathy towards the entire performance management system. But one thing that I am particularly impressed about on your post is the admission that any of these forms of claims or breaches can come with serious cost for all parties. As indicated by quote (year) long periods of litigation and investigations aimed at setting scores between employees and employers can cost the organization precious man hours. It is therefore important that the right things will always be done to avoid any legal

China's Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

China's Development - Essay Example To many citizens around the world, it would seem that the traditional Chinese customs have carried on for many generations, and have not been forgotten. In fact they have done just the opposite, the customs have faded and are only practiced by a handful f Chinese citizens. China like any other country has been changing and continues to change. However, China has and still is facing numerous problems with change. When Jou Brown first set up the justice system in China it was opposed by many. Opposition is still a part f China and many aspects f the country are still challenged such as the economic policies, political views, trade partners, and relations. During the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220) Confucianism was taught to the people f China. They believed that a leader must be a role model, everyone could become "perfect," and they can use their intelligence and wisdom to overcome obstacles instead f using brute force. During the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties the economic policies f China were adjusted once again. Western foreigners were watched closely to insure the safety f the Chinese people. The economy became firmer. In modern China, some believe that the internal affairs f China and economic progress were more important than worrying over a few western traders. The Ming dynasty contributed greatly to Chinese literature, art, and philosophy. (Yabuki 1995) It is recognized for its sea exploration, and its strong and complex government that unified and controlled the empire. However, it was the complexity f its government that prevented it from adapting to change in society, which soon led to its decline. The Qing dynasty, which took power, next was the most powerful dynasty that China had ever had. After a century f gloriousness the Qing dynasty became brittle and inflexible. The dynasty could not adjust itself to combat the new problems that arose. Bad harvests, warfare, reb ellions, overpopulation, economic disaster, and foreign imperialism contributed to the dynasty's collapse. A revolution soon erupted in October 1911 and the emperor f the Qing dynasty, Xuantong (1912) stepped down and ended the last dynasty f China. (Chen 2000, 1-15) Soon the views and economic structure were to be radically opposed and changed as China moved, slowly, into modernization. A leader by the name f Mao Zedong (1893-1976) believed that China must upgrade its technology, weapons, and change the way the economy is built and operated. Mao Zedong redistributed the land, eliminated landlords, and established industry in the cities. (Mody 293-325) Mao Zedong also sought to insure political unity in China. To do this Mao Zedong launched several campaigns, some included, "Suppression f the Counterrevolutionaries," "Three-Anti," and "Five-Anti." Mao Zedong also launched another campaign shortly after called the "Hundred Flowers" Mao Zedong urged the intellectuals to criticize the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Mao Zedong later launched another set up campaigns called "The Great Leap Forward" (1958) and "The Cultural Revolution" (1966).

UKs Economic Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

UKs Economic Issues - Essay Example These effects have been not had a positive impact on the economy of UK. Policies have been developed to curb the situation but still it has continued to persist. As per now in accordance to the latest labour statistics from the office of statistics shows that the rate of unemployment stands at 7.8%. This percentage is still deemed high having in mind the fact that UK is one of the most developed countries, which translates to its economy. Its economy ought to be depicting a no or very low unemployment rate. With the population of several millions unemployed, you definitely expect some difficulties in the economy (Clegg, 2013:1-58). This is not only to the directly affected people but also to the government and society at large. The government is deprived of the very income tax it majorly relies on to fund its projects. When people who are both able and willing to work lack the job to do, they do not stop using the resources available. The strain is direct on the people being dependen t upon and the government. The government ought to continue offering security, basic healthcare, education and other social needs with nothing in return inform of income tax. The government needs money to run and if this money is not available, the business is bound to go down. The government being a major player in any market, it loses strength and this is what UK had been struggling to fight. The deficits on the budgets have partly been influenced by unemployment as people enjoy services they are not paying for through payment of income tax. In the year 2011/12, the expenditure exceeded the earning collections by ? 1.8 billion. With continued increase of this figure, the population of UK may be subjected to national debt. The purchasing power of the people of UK has gone down. This is primarily because the fluctuations in the unemployment rates have set grounds for uncertainties. For the last five years, the dependency ratio has fluctuated though in average the trend has been dimi nishing more because of the creation of part-time jobs. It is automatic that when one is not employed, he has no power to purchase anything even if he is willing to do so. This effect has seen the internal demand of goods produced locally go down a bit. Fallen demand has seen the industries reduce their operational capacity some to as low as 75% and this have gone to the worse edges of even risking more people to unemployment. The trend has though gained momentum of improving and the true state of matter today is not what it was five years ago. Effect of Balance of Payment on UK Economy Balance of payment entails a number of things. First, it involves the current account then financial account. Capital balance and net errors and omissions are also taken into account when arriving at the net value of the balance of payments (Krugman & Wells 2009: 600). Goods and services together with income inflows and current transfers are considered for current account (Krugman & Wells, 2009: 600) . The financial account is basically a trade of any financial assets. The capital account had been determined by capital asset sale. For the last five years, the balance of payment has also been fluctuating as unemployment has been. The current account has been on the deficit side for a long time. Economists have argued that this is a favourable situation as some countries which have had a large surplus like Japan have remained stagnant in growth but yet UK has been growing since the 1980s when the deficit began (EconomicOutlook, 2010: 60-76). The financial and capital account surpluses have been offsetting the deficit in the current

advertisements concerning attention, cognitive learning and motivation

advertisements concerning attention, cognitive learning and motivation 1.0 Executive Summary This proposal examines broad areas of issues in advertisements concerning attention, cognitive learning and motivation in messages as problem in the communication field. The first section elaborates about that background of advertising, followed by the definitions of problems. In the later section, an integrated oriented literature review of previous research conducted will give a short insight of the methods and social research that were carried out. In section 4.0, the objectives of the proposed study will give the highlights what the study can obtain and follow by the methods of research, data collection and analysis. The summary of the proposal is included in the section 6.0, which is the conclusion. 2.0 Background To The Problem 2.01 Advertising Belch and Belch (2004) defined advertising as space or time that is bought by an identified sponsor to use any form of nonpersonal communication elements (e.g., television, radio, magazines, or newspapers) to deliver messages to a large number of individuals of potential consumers, frequently at the same time about an organisation, product or service (Belch Belch, 2004, pp16). Wells, et al (2003) alleged that advertisements strive to satisfy consumers objectives by engaging them and delivering a relevant message. Hence, the consumer may remember the advertisement if it is sufficiently entertaining and possibly learn to relate the advertisement to personal needs. Furthermore, the information extracted from the advertisement may provide incentive and reinforce the consumers decision. Whilst from the advertisers perspective, the definitive objective of placing an advertisement is to persuade or influence consumers to do something. The advertiser aims to move consumers to action by attaining the consumers attention, seizing their interests for a period of time to convince the consumers to change their behaviours, try the advertisers product or build brand loyalty (Wells, el at 2003, pp.5). According to Wells, et al (2003) people are concerned about the society being overrun by advertisements, thus many aspects of ethical advertising issues such as advocacy, accuracy and acquisitiveness are being investigated. Hence, advertisers must make mindful decisions to either adhere or breach the codes of ethics (Wells, el at 2003, pp.30 33). 2.02 Problem Definitions Wells, et al (2003) articulate puffery as one of the key issues in advertising, which is defined as ‘advertising or other sales representation, which praise the item to be sold with subjective opinions and superlatives or exaggerations, vaguely and generally stating no specific proofs, the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of puffery indicated that reasonable people do not believe such claims whilst there are public who expects the advertisers to prove the truth of their superlative messages. Ergo, advertisers are advised to conduct necessary research that verifies facts about ethical messages for effective advertising. Advertisers and advertising agencies that have insights into the minds of the potential consumers views and evidences on their perceptions will prove to be helpful in assessing what are ethical conducts (Wells, el at 2003, pp.33 34). Wells, et al (2003) elucidate ‘subliminal messages is transmitted below the threshold of normal perception, where the receiver is not consciously aware of receiving, the embedment of messages are placed to manipulate. Research has yet to prove subliminal messages can affect behaviours due to physiological limitations, while the results in different research has shown indications that subliminal stimuli can cause some types of minor reactions (Wells, el at 2003, pp.42). This proposed research aims to examine the hierarchy of issues in advertising from the consumers perspectives, hence the research process is designated to investigate the important levels of attention, cognitive learning and motivational messages in advertising. 3.0 Literature Review The evidence from studies on advertising overwhelming indicates that additional studies are needed to cover the broad spectrum of issues concerning advertising practice. Rosbergen, et al (1997) adduce a methodology to examine the effects of physical ads of consumers attention to visuals elements on the accounts of heterogeneity, to inquire when and how consumers devote their attention to commercial stimuli and what determines the consumers attentional strategies and patterns. The proposed methodology was driven by the lack of research conducted on consumer attention, even though the importance of attention has been acknowledged (Rosbergen, et al 1997, pp.305). A growing body of research indicates that exposures to ubiquitous advertisements over a period of time have lead to increased physical dissatisfaction amongst a large proportion of women (Halliwell, el at 2005, pp. 408). Other research findings proved that women portrayed in the advertisements do not control for attractiveness. For example, Posavac, et al (1998) compared viewing fashion models with realistically-sized women ‘you might meet in everyday life. Although they do not report attractiveness ratings, they note that the attractiveness of models is accentuated by artificial means. (Halliwell, el at 2005, pp. 408) There are many theoretical reasons to expect that consumer reactions to advertising are affected by their response to the program or print material in which the advertising is inserted. Indeed many studies have looked at the impact of media context on the effectiveness of advertising. At present, however, two major issues arise with this literature. One concerns the need for more specific theories about how media context can affect advertising as well as the other relates to when context affects advertising positively and when it affects it negatively. (Halliwell, el at 2005, pp. 408) Researchers increasingly recognise the interest in on the psychology of consumers has been steadily on the rise. Much of this research has focused on changes in information processing (e.g., Roedder-John and Cole 1986). The research indicates that, consumers of different ages have different level of susceptibility to misleading advertising (Gaeth and Heath 1987) and the truth-inflating effects of repetition (Law, Hawkins, and Craik 1998; Skurnik et al. 2005). The research has shown evidences that consumers of younger age rely more on schema-based whilst older consumers adopt detailed processing strategies. However, aging also has important effects on motivational processes that can significantly affect information processing. In particular, aging is associated with an increase in the motivation to attend to emotional versus factual information (e.g., Labouvie-Vief and Blanchard-Fields 1982; Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.343) Williams and Drolet (2005) conducted their first study on how time horizon perspective affects older and young adult consumers attitudes toward and recall of emotional (vs. rational) appeals. The experiment 1 design was a 2 (age group: older vs. young) x 2 (appeal type: emotional vs. rational) x 3 (time horizon perspective: limited vs. expansive vs. control). In control conditions, where the researchers were expecting age to interact with appeal type that: (1) older participants will have more favourable attitudes toward and better recall of emotional (vs. rational) appeals and (2) young participants will have more favourable attitudes toward and better recall of rational (vs. emotional) appeals (Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.345). Additionally to expectation time horizon perspective to moderate the above effects such that in limited time horizon conditions, where researchers anticipate young participants will show increased attitudes toward and recall of emotional (vs. rational) appeals. In expansive time horizon conditions, Williams and Drolet (2005) look at the prospect of older participants showing increased attitudes toward and recall of rational (vs. emotional) appeals (Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.346) From the analysis tested for potential differences due to the use of two different products (coffee and film), the results indicated no significant differences in results (all ps 1 .30), and analysis are collapsed across the two products. The product categories were tested to use as a potential covariate in the analysis. No effects were significant ( ps 1 .30) and were not discussed further. As expected by Williams and Drolet (2005) the findings from Experiment 1 indicated that in the control time horizon conditions, older participants had greater liking and recall of the emotional appeals whilst the younger participants had greater liking and recall of the rational appeals. Whilst in limited time horizon conditions, both older and young participants attitudinal and memory responses were higher for the emotional appeals. In contrast, in the expansive time horizon conditions, the attitudinal and memory responses were higher for the rational appeals for both groups. As an afterword for Experiment 1, which have proven that age and time horizon perspective moderate responses to emotional and rational appeals to older and young adults. The results compiled from Experiment 1 differ from results of previous research (e.g. Fung and Carstensen 2003), which had inadequate evidence.(Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.345) In Experiment 2, Williams and Drolet (2005) examine how differences in age and time horizon perspective influence consumers attitudes toward and recall of emotional appeals that focus on the avoidance of negative emotional experiences. Participants were instructed to read either a positively framed or negatively framed emotional appeal of one of two emotional products. After reading the appeal, participants were required to answer questions about their attitudes toward products. After that, participants were required to do manipulation checks and answered product use and demographic questions. Lastly, participants were asked to recall all they could about the appeal that they have read earlier (Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.349 50). Williams and Drolet (2005) tested for differences by using two emotional products (greeting cards and flowers). The analysis found no significant differences in results ( ps 1 .30). Hence, Experiment 2 have shown indications that aging and time horizon perspective impact and preferences for emotional versus rational appeals, but also preferences for different types of emotional appeals. Specifically, that avoidance of negative emotional outcomes is more preferable and has higher memory retention among both groups of older and younger participants in limited time horizon view. On the contrary, younger and older participants who had an expansive time horizon view generated were preferably higher on positive emotions and are more memorable (Williams Drolet, 2005, pp.351). Gunter, et el (2005) have preliminary evidence that can lead advertisers to believe that effectiveness of advertisements on consumers retention and comprehension of messages relies on the placement of television programs, positioning of ads in print materials or radio airtime. The nature of the advertising environment can affect memory for embedded advertising as a result of cognitive interference effects when and where the advertisement formats are congruent semantically (Furnham, Bergland, Gunter, 2002;Furnham, Gunter, Richardson, 1999) or in terms of format (Gunter, Baluch, Duffy, Furnham, 2001); or as a function of program-induced moods (Goldberg Corn, 1987; Kamins, Marks Skinner, 1991; Schumann, 1986). Arousal (Mundorf, Zillman, Drew, 199 1; Pavelchak, Antil, Munch, 1988), or excitement (Singh, Churchill, Hitchon, 1987). While unpleasant arousal or interference can impede memory for embedded advertisements, the degree to which any advertisement format involves or appeals also can affect memory (Gunter, et al 2005, pp. 1680) 4.0 Objective of Proposed Research The objective of the research is to provide advertisers and advertising agencies to have insights to create ethical, effective and efficient advertisements to publics. The collection and analysis of consumers personal information from various electronic media and tools with the advancements and improvements in the new age of technologies and research methods, advertisers are able to analyse consumers information, perception and behaviours. 4.01 Methods This study aims to investigate which element in advertising precedes primary in the minds of the consumers, by taking into account the possible role of attention, puffery and motivational messages in advertising. The use of focus group interviews allows researchers to generate information that can be used to design effective, ethical and efficient messages in advertising. Focus group interviews can provide researchers with relevant perceptions and attitudes of selected participants (Frey, et al 2000, pp.221). In addition for more insight and higher success of the interviews, four facilitators will be acquired to guide and lead the focus group interviews. The facilitators will introduce the topics; encourage participations and probes for more information. The participants will be exposed to advertisements of different materials (e.g., television commercials, radio commercials, magazines ads, or newspapers ads). The participants will be divided into four focus groups that will be videotaped and recorded with written consents given by the participants. Every participant will be asked to provide demographic information including age, gender, race, ethnicity, marital status, and religion. The members of the research team were present to greet and support the focus group, by playing the roles of complete participant, participant observer, observer participant and complete observer via listening to the discussions, and record field notes (Frey, et al 2000, pp.269). Male and female participants will be assigned randomly to 4 treatment conditions, ensuring equal numbers of 5 each gender per condition: Group 1- television commercials and magazine print ads; Group 2- radio commercials and newspaper ads; Group 3- television commercials and radio commercials; and Group 4 magazine print ads and newspaper ads. Each group will spend 30 minutes on the different advertising formats that will be played in a small theatre room that will be fully equipped with a large screen, enhanced audio systems, desks and refreshments. After observing the different formats of advertising, each group will be lead into discussions by the facilitators, where participants will be encouraged to express themselves freely about their experiences, opinions and perceptions. Before finalising the focus group sessions, participants will be given three set of questionnaires to answer. Commercials rating questionnaire. On the program rating questionnaire, participants will use a 10-point scale to rate the advertisements, which they have watch, heard or seen in the focus group session on 12 evaluative scales (absorbing, hostile, arousing, disturbing, engaging, entertaining, enjoyable, exciting, happy, violent, interesting, and involving). Each scale ranged from 1 (not at an> to 10 (extremely). Free-recall questionnaire. A free-recall questionnaire will ask participants to write everything they could remember about the advertisements that they saw. They will be required to write down the name of the product and the brand advertised, and any details of the advertising message. Such details could include specific product-related information, such as price, promotional appeals, specific strengths or benefits, presence of celebrity endorser, and other idiosyncratic features of the advertisement. Brand recognition questionnaire. A brand recognition questionnaire will test participants memory for the brands advertised in the duration of the focus group. Participants will be asked to indicate as many brands as they could remember that appeared during the focus group. Each correct answer was scored 1 point, while incorrect choices were given 0 points. 4.02 Data Collection and Analysis All the members of the research team who will engage in a series of meetings to review and compare the four focus groups coding schemes The meetings will audio-recorded, and then the selected portions of the recordings were transcribed to review dialogue through which concepts will be refined. Metaphor analysis and fantasy theme analysis can best complement the data collected from the focus groups interviews. Metaphor analysis will allow researchers to investigate into participants figures of speech in a word or phrase that denotes one object to another, while fantasy theme analysis allows participants to interact between one another and share stories and experiences (Frey, et al 2000, pp.285). The questionnaires will be content-analysed and compared against a pretested list of salient points that had been identified for each advertisement. The research will be compiled into an informal structure report written by the researchers in first-person singular voice, which signifies rhetorical assumption of naturalistic paradigm (Frey, et al 2000, pp.20). Every participant will be treated as a unit of analysis in analytic strategy to consider the participants behaviours, attitudes, perception and cognitive process. 5.0 Timeline The proposed timeline of research is as below: Week 1 Selecting Respondents Or Target Participants Week 2 Setting the environment for focus groups Week 3 Conducting Focus Group Interviews Week 4 Conducting Focus Group Interviews Week 5 Collection of Data Week 6 Compiling Of Data and Transfer Data Into Transcripts Week 7 Analysis Of Data Week 8 Compilation of Report Week 9 Compilation Of Report 6.0 Conclusion The proposed study has important social implications that can provide advertisers and advertising agencies with more concrete and overwhelming findings to help overcome the issues that are threatening the effects and impacts of advertising on individuals. Hence, the study can result in advertisers creating ethical, efficient and effective advertisements that can influence and persuade individuals with motivational messages that affect emotional appeals positively. 7.0 References Belch, G. E. Belch, M. A. 2004, Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communication Perspective, 6th edn, McGraw Hill, Singapore. Frey, L., Botan, C. Kreps, G. 2000, Investigating Communication: An Introduction to Research Methods, 2nd edn, Allyn Bacon, Needham Heights, MA. Gunter, B., Furnham, A. Pappa, E. 2005, Effects of television violence on memory for violent and nonviolent advertising, Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol 35, no. 8, pp. 1680 97. Halliwell, E., Dittmar, H. Howe, J. 2005, The impact of advertisements featuring ultra-thin or average-size models on women with a history of eating disorders, Journal of Community Applied Social Psychology, vol 15, pp. 406 13. Jacoby, J. Hoyer, H. W. 2002, Viewer miscomprehension of televised communication: Selected findings, Advertising Social Review, viewed 16 October 2009,http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/advertising_and_society_review/v001/1.1jacoby.html Rosbergen, E., Pieters, R. Wedel, M. 1997, Visual attention to advertising: A segment level analysis, Journal of Consumer Research, vol 24, pp. 305 -15. Wells, W., Burnett, J. Moriarty, S. 2003, Advertising: Principles and Practice, 6th edn, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Williams, P. Drolet, A. 2005, ‘Age related differences in responses to emotional advertisements, Journal of Consumer Research, vol.32, pp. 343 55.

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Essay -- Fantasy Literature, L. Frank Baum

People start their lives with open eyes and open hearts, but society corrupts them, turning them into shadows of what they once were. Children enter the world not judging anyone, and having no limitations; they believe anything is possible. As they grow and mature, they loose this valued quality in exchange for limitations, and settling into the status quo set by society. Children, at an early age, are fascinated with fairy tales, featuring princes and princesses living â€Å"happily ever after† and are instantly drawn to beauty and bright, colorful worlds, which in reality have been shaded by society. Authors began to grasp the imaginative quality we all once embodied, and channeled those thoughts and desires into fantasy novels, creating utopias and ideal societies for characters to experience. These fantasy novels address the American dream as well- living a successful, blissful life, and usually, finding love. Authors such as L. Frank Baum, J.M Barrie and J. K Rowling wrot e these fantasy books to capture the desires and reams of Americans. Fantasy novels blossomed into an ideal method for authors to express the ideal society and American dreams of the era in which they were written. In The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, by L Frank Baum, a young girl, Dorothy Gale, is thrown into Munchkin County, a small city in the Land of Oz, when a cyclone comes ripping through Kansas, her hometown. She is immediately greeted by the munchkins, and Glenda, the good witch of the north, who informs her that she has killed the Wicked Witch of the East. Dorothy only wishes to return to her farm in Kansas, however, this is only possible if she travels to â€Å"Emerald City† to plead for help from the mighty Wizard of Oz. Along the way, she encounters various o... ...so courage in themselves to speak up, and the Tin Woodman’s desire for a heart typifies Americas want for compassion from a leader and from each other. Another classic children’s book, Peter Pan and Wendy, commonly known as Peter Pan also presented a new, limitless world, where there was eternal youth and innocence, and good triumphed over evil. In addition to these early classics, the Harry Potter series, written by J. K Rowling, also created a magical world where good and innocence defeated evil and corruption. Harry Potter, an honest and clever young boy is idolized for his intelligence and power; Two commendable traits every leader should possess. Americans have been drawn to fantasy novels, similar to fairy tales all through history, and even today because they amuse their desires for innocence, the past, and the domination of good over evil- a greater world.

Managing Communications, Knowledge Ans Information

Introduction In this unit my aim is to understand the access sources of finance for a business and the skills financial information for decision making. I will be learning how finance information is recorded and how to use this information to make decision for example in planning and budgeting. Task 1 1. 1 Evaluate the amount of available financing, for instance, venture capitalists and other equity financeers can offer millions of dollars to small business owners. Bank loans and small-business loans often do not offer such large amounts of financing.Debt, equity and grant, debt financing involves obtaining capital by going into debt. An example of debt financing includes loans. Equity financing consists of obtaining capital in exchange for a share of your company. Examples of equity financing include investors or stock 1. 2 A) Tax effects The taxes affect a business in the capital it will be able to spend on expanding the business. The more money they pay in taxes, the less money th ey have to hire more employees and grow the business. Taxes also cut into profits and the company’s stock value.This is the reason why the government can create jobs by easing the tax burden on company workers. When company’s start hiring they have a larger number of people they have paying taxes, and the more people working the lower the tax rate can be, plus the more money going into Social Security. Also lower taxes on the workers inability for them to save and invest in more companies and their personal future. b) 1. 1://www. ehow. com/how_6522588_select-sources-finance-business. html#ixzz2OGLEYw00 http://www. ehow. com/how_6522588_select-sources-finance-business. html#ixzz2OGKQ34PI

Organ Sales

Selling Organs Many people are dying each day because of the lack of organs available. Waiting lists can be as long as 106,000 people. On an average 17 patients in need of transplants die each day. Is this fair to the families or is selling organs a better option? What are the benefits of organ selling and should it be made legal? By legalizing organ selling we would be saving lives. People sell organs on the black market every day; the downfall to this is that the surgeons that remove the organs are not always sanitary or certified. The article legalizing paid organs: pros and cons states â€Å"Establishing a federal agency to oversee organ sales will cut dialysis costs and save lives, of both patients in need of new kidneys and those selling or receiving kidneys illegally by unregulated surgeons. † This is a good point, the organs would be ensured safe. The people donating would be more motivated to donate more organs if there was an incentive of making money. Some people fear that, â€Å"The lawful sale of organs would legitimize human sacrifice. † Although this might be true successful transplants depended on knowledge of characteristics of the donor. The origin of the organ to be sold must be known for it to be used. Although many fear legalization of this may bring about a â€Å"sacrifice spree† others realize that, â€Å"The black market cannot be regulated, but its purpose would be defeated if the sale of organs became lawful†. Also legalizing organ selling will create an unlevel playing field. Meaning that people that could not afford to buy an organ would die and the wealthy people will live. The selling of organs impacts health care workers in many ways. One way could include that the organ is harvested in an unsafe environment causing communicable infections. This puts not only the health care worker at risk but also the other patients. A health care worker could feel responsible if a person that has been on a waiting list dies due to the lack of organs when some other patient bought their organ and lived. An example being that a 4 year old boy dies because a 60 year old man bought an organ that the boy would need. This could place unwanted emotional distress on the medical professionals. A health care worker is also put in an ethical dilemma when they do not know where the organ was harvested from. This meaning that the organ may have been stolen from an unwilling donor and then sold. It could also mean someone was murdered in order to harvest and sell the organs for the sake of profit. I personally feel that they should legalize selling organs but it would need to be regulated. I feel that people selling the organs must first sign a waiver stating what organs they are willing to sell. They then would need to be harvested in a safe sanitary environment by a trained professional. I think that after selling the organs they would then be monitored for a period of time to ensure the safety of the patient. I think that the organs should be then given to the people on the waiting list. People would not be allowed to buy the organs they would go in order with the list. I feel that by giving people the incentive to sell organs buy offering a small amount of money the number of people willing to donate will increase significantly. Where does the money come from that they use to pay the donor? That will be taken off the bill from the hospitals. Surgeons are overpaid as it is, by deducting a small fee towards the donation process it will help in balancing the outcomes. The surgeon will however make up the difference by performing more transplant operations, so by legalizing the sale of organs it will in return solve many of the problems we face with the donation process today. Sources: Human Organs, Sale of http://www. idebate. org/debatabase/topic_details. php? topicID=141 Legalizing paid organ donation http://www. researchsea. com/html/article. php/aid/561/cid/6/research/legalizing_paid_organ_donation__pros_and_cons. html Legal Issues in Payment of Living Donors for Solid Organs http://www. abanet. org/irr/hr/spring03/livingdonors. html

Business Term Paper

Business Term Paper Business term papers are written for various business term paper topics related to business. Business term papers are of various kinds such as international business term paper, business ethics term paper, business law term paper, trading business term paper, industrial business term paper, business strategy term paper and many others. Business term papers require a vast knowledge of business and its all terms. Business term papers are written for all the fields related to business such as marketing, economics, management, business communication, financial laws, ethics of business, business reports, business solutions, business problems, business challenges, business objectives, business promotion, business planning, business advancement, strategic marketing, business institutions and many others. Business term papers need to be written with full knowledge about the field and topic that you have opted for your term paper on business. How to write a business term paper is a question t hat is questioned by students who are linked to the business field of study. For writing an effective and grade winning term paper on business, all you need is to follow standard rules set by international educationists. What are the rules for an effective writing of business term paper? They are: You have to write a clear introduction and conclusion. The introduction should introduce the topic of your business term paper while your conclusion should summarize the whole argument of your business term paper or your conclusion can also predict some findings that you have justified in your discussion part of the term paper. Your business term paper should be divided into sections and paragraphs. The paragraphs should contain some ideas and these ideas should be divided as such that each paragraph contains one idea. One idea in one paragraph will make the term paper, a comprehensive one and many ideas in one passage will jumble down the whole paragraph. Your term papers on business should contain headings because headings also help out the readers in terms of understanding and also make the term paper a presentable one. Justify all you claims and thoughts with critical and authorial opinions but do not try to use the authorial opinions as your own as it make you guilty of plagiarism. Always give proper references in terms of in text citation, endnotes and footnotes and also give the full details of resources used on a separate works cited page. Be true to yourself and never try to copy something of a pinch’s size from sources doing plagiarism or your all-academic effort will be considered an academic dishonesty. If you consider yourself unable to write a business term paper on your own follow some tips on our blog how to write a term paper or buy business term paper from a reputable custom term paper service.

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Assignment 3 - Essay Example Garstein et al. studied the development of temperament across four cultures and found different temperaments in infants and adults in every culture (55). They found that Japanese and Russian infants were known to have â€Å"the highest and the second highest levels of fearfulness, respectively†; while, U.S. and Polish infants received â€Å"relatively lower ratings from their caregivers† (55). Super et al. (136) also studied cross-cultural differences in temperament in children belonging to seven western cultures and found that the participants â€Å"showed both general tendencies and culture-speciï ¬ c patterns† in their behavior. McCrae et al. studied the nature versus nurture debate and agreed with the fact that, along with biological factors that are responsible for the makeup of personality, â€Å"the intrinsic maturation of personality is complemented by the culturally conditioned development of characteristic adaptations† (173). Similarly, Wood an d Eagly studied cross-cultural difference of men and women in non-industrial societies, and found that they showed different attitudes towards â€Å"the economic and social structural aspects of societies† (699). These studies strengthen the idea that culture differences are equally important to study if we want to understand the variations in temperament globally. I have personally experienced that my friends belonging to different cultures have different temperaments which includes the level of happiness and sorrow they express; fright or boldness they show; and, anger or patience with which they handle things. For example, three of my friends who belong to Europe get panicked over little things; while, two of my friends belonging to Asia laugh over even big problems. My European friends are way too liberal about their lifestyle, like coming back home late in the nights and staying in apartments other than their parents’. On the

UNDERSTANDING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Research Paper

UNDERSTANDING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Research Paper Example A balance sheet is split into three parts; assets, liabilities and stockholder’s equity. Assets are the economic resources possessed by a firm. Liabilities are a firm’s debt or obligations to acquire its assets. Stockholder’s equity is the total value of a firm’s common stock in addition to the additional paid-in capital and retained earnings. A basic rule of finance is that all business transactions are documented on the balance sheet at the dollar value actually decided at the time of the transaction. This suggests that, recording all of the firm’s transactions at their historic cost is the factor that the net worth of the firm illustrated on the balance sheet should not be mixed with the sales or appraised value. Net worth or stock holder’s equity on the balance sheet simply shows the difference between assets and liabilities (Bernstein & Wild, 2000). Income statement, which is also known as the profit and loss statement, statement of operations or statement of income, is another major financial statement. Income statement summarizes the firm’s revenues and expenses over a specified time, concluding with the net income or loss for the period. The income statement is divided into three parts; revenue, expenses and the net income. Revenue is cash inflows or acquiring of assets of a firm during a specified period. Expenses are the outflow or using of the assets, or incurrence if liabilities during a specified period. Net income on an income statement is the total sum earned or lost by the firm during the accounting period. Using the accrual method of accounting, sales are documented on the income statement when the goods and/or services associated with those sales are delivered or shipped to the customer. The cost of goods sold is recorded on the income statement at the same time the sales are recorded. Sales and cost of good s sold are also recorded in spite of of when the firm gets cash for the goods delivered

Outpatient civil commitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Outpatient civil commitment - Essay Example This paper will focus on involuntary civil commitment. Outpatient civil commitment raises ethical and legal issues for the mental health practitioner. Ethical principles require that the decision to commit a patient requires that the clinician balance factors favoring commitment. Such factors include the patient’s welfare and safety, treatment to relieve pain, and the welfare and safety of others. Factors opposing commitment, for instance, individual liberty, patient privacy and the uncertainty of predicting future harm should also be considered by the mental health officer (Schopp, 2003). Ethical principles state that mental health officers who manage suicidal patients need to know the standards and procedures of civil commitment, whether inpatient or outpatient. In cases where commitment laws are strict and commitment is not easy to obtain, other management options must be pursued to obtain adequate treatment for a patient and to reduce the patient’s danger of experiencing more suffering (Schopp, 2003). Mental health officers are bound to be responsible for wrong decisions made. Whenever a clinician is in doubt, he or she should seek judicial review about the commutability of a potentially dangerous action towards the patient. The society defines the role of the clinicians in terms of professional responsibilities to patients. The clinician’s first duty is to do no harm to the patients. They can avoid harming patients by showing respect for their autonomy. Respect of autonomy may be manifested when the patient is allowed to make his/her own decision whether to reject or accept medical care that has been recommended by a medical officer. Acting without the patient’s approval is unethical. Clinicians are also bound by their professional obligations to help patients; doctors are required to provide patients with services that are geared towards benefiting them (Schopp, 2003). On the contrary, there are

Working in Groups Essay Example for Free

Working in Groups Essay -Have you ever worked on a group project? Was it easy peasy, or was it an unforgettable nightmare? Working together is hard, its no wonder group projects have such a bad reputation. Everyone will have to work on a group project at some point in their lives with a little whether it be school, business, an organization or even an event. Often when working in groups, members communicate poorly or sometimes not at all. In some cases people may even stab each other in the back. There are many difficult situations that may arise when working in groups. Some of the most common are participation, conflict, blame and domination. There will always be some who do not participate as much as others and will take a back seat and ride along the coat tails reaping all the same rewards as others who are working very hard. There may be some conflict because people have different opinions and points of view and may challenge what is being said or done by another member. This is ok, except when comments become personal or directed at specific people. This can often lead to resentment or animosity within the group. Things may go wrong at some point and it is easy to direct blame at someone and can be very damaging to the person blame is being put upon. Other members may direct anger and frustrations toward that member causing them to with draw from the group. Some people just have stronger personalities, I myself am usually one of the more outspoken members but in this experience I chose to take on a different roll because I do not currently have the time to be in a leadership type role. Often the more dominate people leave others feeling as if they do not have the opportunity to make their point or that their point doesnt even  matter. I personally experienced this when making a suggestion at this group projects meet up. As when working on anything, there are always going to be advantages and disadvantages. The first and most important advantage is increased productivity. Each individual can use the best skills they possess, and ensure quality to their work. There will be more resources available to you and the skill level will be broader. When a member is not able to complete something for any reason there are others who can be reliable for it. In a group there will be more ideas, different points of views and many suggestions to help make the group better. The disadvantages are that there is no individual thinking even if you feel strongly about something it must be a group decision in the end. The time an individual puts into a group is unknown and not acknowledged and credit is given as a whole even if you put in majority of the work. The competitive attitudes of people working in groups can also be a problem because some may lose focus as they are worried about who is doing more work rather than who is doing good work. I have worked in groups a few times and all had very different experiences depending on the project or task assigned. I would have to say that the best group experience for me was when working on a school project. When we first met up as a group, together we assigned who would be doing what. We also set up two deadlines in which we met up and discussed progress, problems and other issues anyone was experiencing. I would have to say that project was successful because we all collaborated decisions and responsibilities. Many people as adults already know what they are knowledgeable in and what they would be most successful in completing, so we first picked and chose then assigned what was left. When you are confident or interested in what you are working on it is much easier to complete. This group assignment was difficult in my opinion. The type of experience that gives working in groups a bad reputation and I know I am partly at fault for just accepting the situation rather than trying to make it better.  First off we did not know each other prior and had no clue what to expect of each other as far as interaction and personalities. The three of us met up once in Panera during the lunch rush and loud crowds, which I found to be quite distracting. When I arrived the other two members were already sitting. It seemed that one of the group members felt she had the most experience and pretty much took over. (I will call her the lead) She stated that we can finish this today in like 30-40 minutes My thought were WHAT!! We sat looking up our topic but not seeming to get much done. I suggested that we make an outline what we want covered about our topic and then assign who does what. I received a puzzled look from both and the lead said that due to the topic and type of assignment it just was not possible as it was too broad. The other member appeared to me to be on the quiet side, kind of a go with the flow person. I decided to do the same and stepped back knowing that what I was choosing to do would be unbeneficial to all of us. I felt I would just do what I felt was necessary on my own. The possibilities of problems can be endless within groups, ranging from general negativity to specific problems such as irregular attendance, unwillingness or inability to meet up as well as aggressive behavior or arguments. But the benefits and experience of working in a group make it worth the while and a lot can be avoided by setting up clear guidelines like rules or norms for the group from the beginning. Giving positive feedback and support from other members. And most importantly when problems do arise deal with them immediately and find a resolution to overcome the difficulties within the group so that it will build trust amongst the group and it can move forward positively. People forget that when working together it is every ones goal to make decisions to lead the group forward not just an individual. Groups are made u of individuals with varying personalities, backgrounds and ideas. For a group to work well a bond needs to be developed. Every group needs a leader and each member should feel a sense of belonging, a reason and purpose for their presence in the group. Each and every group experience will have a different lesson that can be learned whether good or bad. Work Cited Armbruster, Rachel Banding together for a cause Wiley and Sons Inc. 2012 Astin, A. (1993). What Matters in college? Four Critical Years Revisited. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Web Oct 2014 Hammar Chiriac, Eva, Gareth J. Williams, and Carl Senior. Group Work As An Incentive For Learning Students Experiences Of Group Work. _Frontiers In Psychology_ 5.(2014): 1-10. _Academic Search Complete_. Web. Oct 2014 Rafferty, Patricia D. The Evaluation Of MBA Group Work: A Case Study Of Graduate Student Experiences And Perceptions Of Positive Group Work Outcomes. _Journal Of Education For Business_ 88.1 (2013): 43-50. _Business Source Complete_. Oct 2014

Polymer Profiles: An Overview

Polymer Profiles: An Overview 4.4. POLYMER PROFILES: Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) Synonyms: Cellulose Hydroxypropyl methyl ether Functional Category: Release retardant, Coating purpose it used, film-former, suspending agent, stabilizing agent, tablet binder and viscosity increasing agent. Pharmaceutical application: Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is widely used in oral formulations. It is used in contain solution of 2-20 % w/w in tablet coating of tablets. In aqueous coating low viscosity grades of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose in aqueous coating solution used while higher viscosity grades are used with organic solvents. It is also used as a suspending and thickening agent in topical formulations. CARBOPOL Synonyms: Acritamer; acrylic acid polymer; Carbopol; carboxy polymethylene, polyacrylic acid; carboxyvinyl polymer; Pemulen; Ultrez Solubility: Carbopol is soluble in water, alcohol and glycerin. Functional Category: Bio adhesive, emulsifying agent, release- modifying agent, Suspending agent, tablet binder, viscosity-increasing agent. Pharmaceutical Applications: In tablet formulations, Carbomer are used as dry or wet binders and as a rate controlling Excepient. In wet granulation processes, water or an alcohol–water blend is used as the granulating fluid. Anhydrous organic solvents have also been used, with the inclusion of a polymeric binder. The tackiness of the wet mass can be reduced with the addition of certain cationic species to the granulating fluid. POLYMETHACRYLATES Description: Polymethacrylates are synthetic cationic and anionic polymers of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylates, methacrylic acid, and methacrylic acid esters in varying ratios. Several different types are commercially available and may be obtained as the dry powder, as an aqueous dispersion, or as an organic solution. Functional Category: Film former,tablet binder,enteric coating polymer Table 1.8. Solubility and Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology: Type Supply form Recommended solvents Solubility/ permeability Applications Eudragit RL100 Granules Acetone, Alcohols High permeability Sustained release Eudragit RS 100 Granules Acetone, Alcohols Low permeability Sustained release Eudragit RS PO Powder Acetone, Alcohols Low permeability Sustained release GLYCERYL BEHENATE Synonyms: Compritol 888 ATO; 2,3-dihydroxypropyldocosanoate; docosanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester; glycerol behenate; glyceryl monobehenate; tribehenin. Functional Category: Coating agent; tablet binder; tablet and capsule lubricant. Pharmaceutical Applications: In pharmaceutical formulations, glyceryl behenate is mainly used as a tablet and capsule lubricant and as a lipidic coating Excepient. It has been investigated for use in the preparation of sustained release tablets, and as a matrix- forming agent for the controlled release of water-soluble drugs. SODIUM ALGINATE Synonyms: Algin; alginic acid, sodium salt; Kelcosol; Keltone; Protanal; sodium polymannuronate. Functional Category: Stabilizing agent; Suspending agent;tablet and capsule Disintegrant; tablet binder; viscosity-increasing agent. Pharmaceutical Applications: In tablet formulations, sodium alginate may be used as both a binder and Disintegrant; It has been used as a diluent in capsule formulations. Sodium alginate has also been used in the preparation of sustained-release oral formulations since it can delay the dissolution of a drug from tablets, capsules, and aqueous suspensions. CHITOSAN Synonyms: 2-Amino-2-deoxy-(1,4)-ÃŽ ²-D-glucopyranan,deacetylatedchitin, Chemical Name: Poly-ÃŽ ²-(1, 4)-2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Functional Category: Coating agent, film-forming agent, Mucoadhesive tablet binder and viscosity-increasing agent. Applications: It is used as a component of sustained release dosage form mucoadhesive dosage forms. XANTHAN GUM Synonyms: Corn sugar gum, Keltrol, Rhodigel, Vanzan NF, Xantural. Functional Category: Stabilizing agent; suspending agent; viscosity-increasing agent. Pharmaceutical Applications: Used in cosmetic and foods as a suspending and stabilizing agent. Although primarily used as a suspending agent, Xanthan gum has also been used to prepare sustained-release matrix tablets. GUAR GUM Synonyms: Galactosol; gaurflour; jaguar gum; meprogat; meyprodor. Chemical name: Galactomannan polysaccharide. Functional Category: Suspending agent, Tablet binder, Tablet disintegrant, Viscosity increasing agent. Applications in Pharmaceutical Technology: Used in solid dosage forms as a binder (up to 10%) and disintegrant. Used in oral and topical products as a suspending, thickening (up to 2.5%) and stabilizing agent (1%).Used in colon targeted drug delivery systems. Also, used in cosmetic and food products. POLY VINYL PYRROLIDINE (PVP) Synonyms:Kollidon;Plasdone;poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylene]; polyvidone; polyvinylpyrrolidone; PVP; 1-vinyl-2- pyrrolidine polymer. Functional Category: Disintegrant; dissolution aid; suspending agent; tablet binder. Pharmaceutical Applications: Primarily used in solid-dosage form. In tableting, Povidone solutions are used as binders in wet-granulation processes. Povidone is also added to powder blends in the dry form and granulated in situ by the addition of water, alcohol, or hydro alcoholic solutions. Carrier for drugs 10-25% of solution is used and in case of tablet binder, coating agent it is used in 0.5-5%. TALC Synonyms: Altalc; hydrous magnesium calcium silicate; hydrous magnesium silicate; Luzenac; Luzenac Pharma; magnesium hydrogen metasilicate; Magsil Osmanthus; Magsil Star; powdered talc; purified French chalk; Purtalc; soapstone; steatite; Superiore. Functional Category: Anticaking agent; Glidant; tablet and capsule diluent; tablet and capsule lubricant. Pharmaceutical Applications: Talc was once widely used in oral solid dosage formulations as a lubricant and diluent, although today it is less commonly used. However, it is widely used as a dissolution retardant in the development of controlled- release product. AEROSIL (COLLOIDAL SILICON DIOXIDE) Synonyms: Colloidal silica; fumed silica; light anhydrous silicic acid; silicic anhydride; silicon dioxide fumed. Functional Category: Adsorbent; Anticaking agent; emulsion stabilizer; Glidant; suspending agent; tablet Disintegrant; thermal stabilizer; viscosity-increasing agent. Pharmaceutical Applications: Its small particle size and large specific surface area give it desirable flow characteristics that are exploited to improve the flow properties of dry powders in a number of processes such as tableting. Colloidal silicon dioxide is also used as a tablet Disintegrant and as an adsorbent dispersing agent for liquids in powders. used to stabilize emulsions and as a thixotropic thickening and suspending agent in gels and semisolid preparations MAGNESIUM STEARATE Synonyms: Metallic stearate, Magnesium salt. Functional Category: Tablet and capsule lubricant, Glidant, Anti-Adherent. Pharmaceutical Applications: Tablet and capsule lubricant, Glidant, Anti-Adherent. MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (MCC) Synonyms: Avicel PH; Celex; cellulose gel; Celphere; Ceolus KG; crystalline cellulose; E460; Emcocel; Ethispheres; Fibrocel; Pharmacel; Tabulose; Vivapur. Functional Category: Adsorbent; suspending agent; tablet and capsule diluent; tablet disintegrant. Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology: Microcrystalline cellulose is widely used in pharmaceuticals, primarily as a binder/diluent in oral tablet and capsule formulations where it is used in both wet-granulation and direct compression processes. In addition to its use as a binder/diluent, microcrystalline cellulose also has some lubricant and disintegrant properties that make it useful in tableting.